What is Russian Constructivism art movement?

Please detail clear, concise, comprehensive: What is Nihilism?

• DEFINITIONS (many sources) Nihilism n. = (Chambers Dictionary 12ed) 1. Belief in nothing 2. Denial of all reality, or of all objective truth (philosophy) 3. Extreme scepticism 4. Nothingness 5. (sometimes with cap) in tsarist Russia, a terrorist movement aiming at the overturn of all the existing institutions of society in order to build it up anew on different principles 6. Terrorism or anarchy 7. Complete destructiveness (Shorter Oxford Dictionary) 1. Total rejection of current religious beliefs or moral principles, often involving a general sense of despair and the belief that life is devoid of meaning. 2. • a Philosophy. An extreme form of scepticism, involving the denial of all existence. • b Psychology. The delusional belief that something (even the outside world or the patent's self) has ceased to exist or to function. 3. Nothingness, non-existence 4. hist. The doctrines or principles of the Russian Nihilists. (Oxford Dictionary of English) [mass noun] the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless. • (Philosophy) the belief that nothing in the world has a real existence. • (historical) the doctrine of an extreme Russian revolutionart party c. 1900 which found nothing to approve of in the established social order. (Collins English Dictionary 30th Anniversary Edition 2009) 1. a complete denial of all established authority and institutions 2. philosophy. an extreme form of scepticism that systematically rejects all values, belief in existence, the possibility of communication, etc. 3. a revolutionary doctrine of destruction for its own sake 4. the practice or promulgation of terrorism 5. (with cap) (in tsarist Russia) any of several revolutionary doctrines that upheld terrorism (American Heritage Dictionary 5ed) 1. Philosophy The doctrine that nothing actually exists or that existence or values are meaningless. 2. Relentless negativity or cynicism suggesting an absence of values or beliefs:nihilism in postwar art. 3. • a. Political belief or action that advocates or commits violence or terrorism without discernible constructive goals. • b. (also Nihilism) A diffuse, revolutionary movement of mid-19th-century Russia that scorned authority and tradition and believed in reason, materialism, and radical change in society and government through terrorism and assassination. 4. (Psychiatry) A delusion, experienced in some mental disorders, that the world or one's mind, body, or self does not exist. (Merriam-Webster's 3ed Unabridged) 1. • a) : a viewpoint that all traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that all existence is consequently senseless and useless : a denial of intrinsic meaning and value in life • b) : a doctrine that denies or is taken as denying any objective or real ground of truth; specifically : an ethical doctine that denies any objective ground of moral principles – called also ethical nihilism, moral nihilism 2. • a) : a doctrine that no reality exists • b) : a profession of nihilistic delusions 3. : an annihilation (as by mystical contemplation) of desires and self-consciousness 4. • a) [Russian nigilizm, from French nihilisme, from German nihilismus]   (1) : a doctrine or belief that conditions in the social organisation are so bad as to make destruction desirable for its own sake independent of any constructive program or possibility   (2) usually capitalized : the program or doctrine of a Russian party or succession of parties of 19th and 20th centuries who proposed various schemes of revolutionary reform and resorted to terrorism and assassination • b) : revolutionary propaganda : terrorism 5. : scepticism as to the therapeutic value of a drug or method <therapeutic ~> 6. : the advocacy or practice of nihilism 7. : a nihilistic belief, act, or utterance < free dictionaries > (dictionary.reference.com based on Random House Dictionary) noun 1. : total rejection of established laws and institutions. 2. : anarchy, terrorism, or other revolutionary activity. 3. : total and absolute destructiveness, especially toward the world at large and including oneself: the power-mad nihilism that marked Hitler's last years. 4. : Philosophy : • a. an extreme form of skepticism: the denial of all real existence or the possibility of an objective basis for truth. • b. nothingness or nonexistence. 5. : ( sometimes initial capital letter ) the principles of a Russian revolutionary group, active in the latter half of the 19th century, holding that existing social and political institutions must be destroyed in order to clear the way for a new state of society and employing extreme measures, including terrorism and assassination. 6. : annihilation of the self, or the individual consciousness, especially as an aspect of mystical experience.

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