The reasons Henry VIII made the break with Rome, love,faith,money and power.?
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Please Help!! I have to do a leaflet for History at school, which will be assesed and go towards my end of year mark, all about HOW Henry made himself head of the church. Also, It would really help if someone could help for reasons and details of why he made himself head of the church, like Faith, Love,Money and Power, these min reasons in details. I will award 10 points anf 5 stars to the person which tells me love,faith,power and money reasons why henry VIII made the break with Rome! x :) Please help!! thanks :)
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Answer:
(1) love - Anne Boleyn (2) money - he took over the wealth of the Catholic monasteries (3) power - He had the power of the church as well as the power of the civilian monarchy (4) faith - This last one is the hardest to explain. Henry was a loyal Catholic for most of his life. A little history: When Henry the 8th was age 12, Julius II was crowned pope. Julius was a basically a soldier who was interested in getting control of central Italy and the papal states from France. He wanted to get Henry the 7th on his side in a potential war. In order to support Henry he granted a dispensation that would allow the young Henry to marry his brother's widow (Catherine of Aragon). Julius succeeded in getting France out of the papal states, and he died when Henry 8th was age 21 and had been married for three years. It is important to understand that Henry as a young king saw pope, Julius II as a temporal leader who shared a common enemy (France). The pope would not be viewed as solely a spiritual leader like he would in the present day. Mary I was born when Henry was age 24, and Catherine stopped getting pregnant when he was age 27. When he was age 26 Martin Luthur nailed his protestant demands on the church door in Wittenberg. Henry executed Protestants with the same zeal as anyother Catholic monarch. If Catherine died he could simply re-marry, but she ended up living to the age of 50. As Henry approached age 36, and three popes later, he was reading the bible and became convinced that the old pope (Julius II) had made a mistake in granting the dispensation to the permit the marriage. He felt that this lack of a son was punishment for the sin of marrying his brother's wife. He approached the new pope and asked to have his marriage annulled (divorce did not exist in this age). Catherine argued that she had never slept with Arthur and thus had never consummated the marriage. The new pope was concerned with alienating the powerful Hapsburgs and refused to annul the marriage. So Henry began his procedures to separate the Anglican branch of the Catholic church from Rome because the pope refused to annul the marriage. It is important to understand that he had no problem with the liturgy like the German protestants. ============= Pope Clement VII had a nearly 11 year that spanned the time from Henry wanting his marriage annulled, and the complete separation of the Anglican church. To quote the Catholic encyclopedia: "In their verdict upon the character of Pope Clement VII almost all historians are agreed. He was an Italian prince, a de’ Medici, and a diplomat first, and a spiritual ruler afterwards." ============= Does that help?
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Other answers
Henry wanted power and the ability to continue the Tudor line by begetting a male heir. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/HenryVIII.aspx "The second half of Henry's reign was dominated by two issues very important for the later history of England and the monarchy: the succession and the Protestant Reformation, which led to the formation of the Church of England. Henry had married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon, in 1509. Catherine had produced only one surviving child - a girl, Princess Mary, born in 1516. By the end of the 1520s, Henry's wife was in her forties and he was desperate for a son. The Tudor dynasty had been established by conquest in 1485 and Henry was only its second monarch. England had not so far had a ruling queen, and the dynasty was not secure enough to run the risk of handing the Crown on to a woman, risking disputed succession or domination of a foreign power through marriage. Henry had anyway fallen in love with Anne Boleyn, the sister of one of his many mistresses, and tried to persuade the Pope to grant him an annulment of his marriage on the grounds that it had never been legal. Royal divorces had happened before: Louis XII had been granted a divorce in 1499, and in 1527 James IV's widow Margaret (Henry's sister) had also been granted one. However, a previous Pope had specifically granted Henry a licence to marry his brother's widow in 1509. In May 1529, Wolsey failed to gain the Pope's agreement to resolve Henry's case in England. All the efforts of Henry and his advisers came to nothing; Wolsey was dismissed and arrested, but died before he could be brought to trial. Since the attempts to obtain the divorce through pressure on the papacy had failed, Wolsey's eventual successor Thomas Cromwell (Henry's chief adviser from 1532 onwards) turned to Parliament, using its powers and anti-clerical attitude (encouraged by Wolsey's excesses) to decide the issue. The result was a series of Acts cutting back papal power and influence in England and bringing about the English Reformation. In 1532, an Act against Annates - although suspended during 'the king's pleasure' - was a clear warning to the Pope that ecclesiastical revenues were under threat. In 1532, Cranmer was promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury and, following the Pope's confirmation of his appointment, in May 1533 Cranmer declared Henry's marriage invalid; Anne Boleyn was crowned queen a week later. The Pope responded with excommunication, and Parliamentary legislation enacting Henry's decision to break with the Roman Catholic Church soon followed. An Act in restraint of appeals forbade appeals to Rome, stating that England was an empire, governed by one supreme head and king who possessed 'whole and entire' authority within the realm, and that no judgements or excommunications from Rome were valid. An Act of Submission of the Clergy and an Act of Succession followed, together with an Act of Supremacy (1534) which recognised that the king was 'the only supreme head of the Church of England called Anglicana Ecclesia'. The breach between the king and the Pope forced clergy, office-holders and others to choose their allegiance - the most famous being Sir Thomas More, who was executed for treason in 1535. The other effect of the English Protestant Reformation was the Dissolution of Monasteries, under which monastic lands and possessions were broken up and sold off. In the 1520s, Wolsey had closed down some of the small monastic communities to pay for his new foundations (he had colleges built at Oxford and Ipswich). In 1535-6, another 200 smaller monasteries were dissolved by statute, followed by the remaining greater houses in 1538-40; as a result, Crown revenues doubled for a few years. Henry's second marriage had raised hopes for a male heir. Anne Boleyn, however, produced another daughter, Princess Elizabeth, and failed to produce a male child. Henry got rid of Anne on charges of treason (presided over by Thomas Cromwell) which were almost certainly false, and she was executed in 1536. In 1537 her replacement, Henry's third wife Jane Seymour, finally bore him a son, who was later to become Edward VI. Jane died in childbed, 12 days after the birth in 1537. Although Cromwell had proved an effective minister in bringing about the royal divorce and the English Reformation, his position was insecure. The Pilgrimage of Grace, an insurrection in 1536, called for Cromwell's dismissal (the rebels were put down) but it was Henry's fourth, abortive and short-lived marriage to Anne of Cleves that led to Cromwell's downfall. Despite being made Earl of Essex in 1540, three months later he was arrested and executed. Henry made two more marriages, to Katherine Howard (executed on grounds of adultery in 1542) and Catherine Parr (who survived Henry to die in 1548). None produced any children. Henry made sure that his sole male heir, Edward, was educated by people who believe
C.G.
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