What are some limiting factors of the temperate grasslands?

How do Plants manipulate the limiting factors in order to get maximum photosynthesis rate?

• I know the limiting factors and I also know how they affect the rate of photosynthesis BUT [HOW] do plants manipulate these factors to get max. photosynthesis rate?

• Answer:

  Branching to spread the leaf canopy over a larger area Phyllotaxis to reduce self shading C4, Cam carbon fixation Heat shock proteins Stomata pore regulation & location on leaf Leaf breadth and thickness as well as surface texture & trichomes adapt. Leaf cell shapes and internal intercellular spaces adapt to promote short diffusion distances and provide protected, moist gas exchange surfaces. Even the chloroplast maximizes for solar exposure by facing the flattened shape to the sun.