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How to create analogue signal?

Explain how this analogue signal is converted into a digital signal for the microcontroller?

  • can someone please explain to me how the analogue signal is converted into a digital signal for the microcontroller

  • Answer:

    There is more than one way to do Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion but a common approach is through successive approximation. The microcontroller has an internal Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) which is compared to the incoming signal with an analog comparator. When the DAC input is increased until it reaches the input A/D signal. The "successive approximation" means that the step size driving the DAC is reduced as the approximate value is determined. A DAC only requires parallel outputs driving an R-2R resistor network.

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Look up SAR and Delta-Sigma for two very different but very common techniques. Maxim has a couple of pages on both, shown below. The first one also discusses flash conversion near the bottom.

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