What are the components of the processor,AUXILIARY STORAGE, INPUT AND OUPT DEVICES AND MAIN MEMORY?

1. THE COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS USED TO PROCESS DATA 2. INFORMATION PROCESSING - Putting data in useable form is INFORMATION PROCESSING - The system or group of devices and procedures that changes data into a useable form is called an INFORMATION SYSTEM - Data that enters the system is known as INPUT - Data in useful information that leaves the system is known as OUTPUT or processed information - Steps set up to make sure everything that should be done to the data is called PROCESSING PROCESSING INPUT OUTPUT 3. 1ST STEP --- INPUT -Datato be processed or RAW DATA -Raw data written on forms is known as SOURCE DOCUMENTS 4. 2ND STEP ---- PROCESSING -Calculating arithmetic, making comparisons (graphs & charts), sorting in desired order Each step toward the desired result MUST be completed in a specific and correct order or desired results will not occur 5. 3rd STEP --- OUTPUT - Information displayed to the user on the monitor or paper Output can be stored on a storage device such as a diskette 6. COMPUTER HARDWARE - Equipment that makes up the computer hardware fit into five categories:  INPUT DEVICES  PROCESSOR  AUXILIARY STORAGE  MAIN MEMORY  OUTPUT DEVICES Setup remains same regardless of computer size 7. FIVE CATEGORIES MAIN MEMORY INPUT OUTPUT PROCESSOR DEVICES DEVICES AUXILIARY STORAGE 8. INPUT DEVICES - Used to feed data into the computer Keyboard – most common Mouse – selects, moves or draws items on screen 9. PROCESSOR - Computer system unit that receives and carries out the series of instructions known as a PROGRAM  All systems regardless of size have a central processing unit or CPU  Processing circuits are in one piece known as an integrated circuit “chip”.  Other “chips” support the work of the processor chip in a variety of ways. 10. MAIN MEMORY - Data/instructions processed by a computer do not remain on the processor “chip”.  Data/instructions are stored in memory chips.  Groups of memory chips make up main memory or main storage.  Data being processed spends most of its time in memory. 11. MAIN MEMORY CONT’D - Data/instructionsare stored as electronic impulses in specific locations in memory. Memory is like a post office with mail boxes These mailboxes have a number known as its NUMERIC ADDRESS. A memory chip may be either RAM or ROM memory. 12. MAIN MEMORY CONT’D - RAM (Random Access Memory) is used as temporary storage while processing is done  This memory is “volatile” --- its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.  Amount of RAM is measured in units called “bytes”  One byte is amount of memory to store one character – “mega” means “million” – 256Mg represents 256 million characters  ROM (Read only memory) holds data permanently  “nonvolatile” – its contents are not lost when the computer is turned off.  Stores instructions to start computer and since it is “Read-Only” new information cannot be added to this type of memory 13. AUXILIARY STORAGE Auxiliary storage devices hold data outside the memory of the computer as long as  the user needs. These devices are “on-line” to the computer, meaning they are directly connected to  the computer and under the control of the CPU. The most commonly used auxiliary storage device is the disk drive.  The disk drive stores information by copying it onto a diskette.  A diskette is made of flexible, magnetic plastic and frequently referred to as a “floppy”.  The diskette is 3.5” and holds 1.44Mg of data. Recently CD’s have become a storage device for new computers that have CD  “burners” which records or “burns” data onto round, 4.5” disks that hold 600Mg or more of data. 14. OUTPUT DEVICES - A computer MUST have at least one output device  It records, prints, or displays information into useable form.  The most frequently used output devices are the Video Display or Monitor and the Printer.  The monitor has a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) similar to that of a TV screen. 15. OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE - Hardware is the physical equipment parts of the computer.  There are steps to follow to process data entered into a computer. These steps are known as a Program.  Programs in general are known as Software.  There are 3 basic categories of software:  Operating System Software  Utility Software  Application Software 16. OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE - Consists of programs necessary to keep the hardware functioning. It sets up and maintains communication between the processor, auxiliary storage, input devices, and output devices. It controls copying of data and feeds data to the processor Most commonly known as DOS (disk operating system) 17. UTILITY SOFTWARE - A Utility program is a program that performs routine jobs. Usually part of the system’s software, but can be bought separately with additional capabilities. Firewallsoftware and Virus Protection software Norton’s Disk Doctor Scandisk and Defragmenter (part of the system that is used frequently to

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