What are biotic and abiotic factors?

What are abiotic/biotic factors for the habitat of the african penguin? (coastline of southwest africa)?

• looking for factors that influence the survival of them also, what living/nonliving factors help them survive?

• Answer:

  biotic factors--one factor that helps them survive is their coloring dark up top to fool predators looking down at them when they are in the ocean and light below which means they are less visible to predators looking up in the ocean at them, they also have a streamlined body which can reach a top speed close to 20km/hr, protection from human egg and guano gathering and listing as an endangered species with resultant protection is also a factor in their survival, availability of prey including shoaling pelagic fish such as anchovies, pilchards (sardines), horse mackerel and round herrings, supplemented by squid and crustaceans; bushes for shading the young in nests and shielding them from sight of predators, young form creches to protect themselves from adults (does not help really with predation), abiotic factors --beaches on the coast and on islands for them to nest on, ocean to catch fish/prey in specifically the cold, nutrient rich, Benguela Current, guano for them to use as nesting material (note this is their waste material but it is not alive--some might classify it as biotic since it is of animal origin), boulders they can shelter their nests under or next to, soil they can excavate for nests, see the site for much more info