Can you explain "credit default swaps" as a financial tool; method.?
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I am seeing this in the political literature of the US and European Nations and I am not sure that I understand its' significance in the present plight of the global economy but I am sure that the US is expected to take the "lead" on revamping our policies concerning it.
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Answer:
A credit default swap ("CDS") is when Company A buys protection on the debt of Company B from Company C. Company A pays for the protection by paying a premium every quarter. If Company B goes into default on its debt, Company C has to pay the difference between par (i.e. face value) and the actual value of the debt. In this way, Company A is protected against Company B defaulting on its debt. The issue is that AIG, for example, sold a lot of these contracts and was unable to meet its collateral requirements. Without the US government, it would have defaulted and all the CDS contracts would have defaulted as well.
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Other answers
A "credit default swap" is what happens when business A takes its debt, sells the debt to business B to remove the debt from its balance sheets, but then has to make monthly payments to business B. Business B views the credit default swap as an asset--they are being paid by business A. In theory, both businesses have benefited: business A move the big debt off its books and substitued a monthly expense (this will improve its balance sheet standing but negatively impacts the profit-and-loss report) while business B has added a liability (it owes the debt) but realizes an increase in its net income (the payments coming from business A count as income). In reality, both businesses have failed. If the debt is called in then business B must pay it. If they cannot, then they call in the debt owed to them by business A. If business A cannot pay then both businesses should fail and have to go into bankruptcy. Credit default swaps play a significant role in the current economic situation, along with subprime mortgages, because many businesses were using them to artificially improve their financial position. The Securities and Exchange Commission, which should have been regulating--or forbidding--such things claimed "we cannot regulate a financial product we don't understand". If the SEC doesn't understand it then they should make it illegal until they do understand it.
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