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What do the terms heritability, shared environment, and unshared environment mean in terms of ...?

• What do the terms heritability, shared environment, and unshared environment mean in terms of explaining personality? How much does each of these influence our personalities? PLEASE HELP

• Answer:

  These terms are usually used in monozygotic and dizygotic twin studies. Heritability refers to the proportion of a characteristic that can be explained by a person's genetics, which is roughly 50%, meaning that 25% (square of 50% or 0.50) of the variance (variability) in any characteristic can be explained by genetics. This was determined by testing monozygotic twins on a variety of characteristics who were brought up by the same parents and were considered to have the same environment (shared environment) compared to monozygotic twins (commonly called identical twins by the way, having the same genetics, or genes) brought up by different parents and thus had different environments (unshared environments). By giving all groups of people the same tests and then correlating them, it was found that the correlations of monozygotic twins in unshared environments averaged about 0.50, which means that 0.25 of the variance of the characteristics could be attributed to genetics. The correlation of related siblings or unrelated siblings raised in a shared environment was basically the same and it was determined that environment and learning also contributes 0.25 of the variability of the characteristics. This leaves 50% of most charactersitics, on average, to random factors, which include choice and individual decision-making. Make sense? Volumes have been written on this question, but the statistics have not changed much.