How did systematic agriculture affect men and women?

First, hunter-gatherers are not lumped into "man the hunter" and "women the gatherers". See the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference. Anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population; therefore, there was no surplus of resources to be accumulated by any single member. Example: about 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta. Second: Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulated the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale than those associated with full scale agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild. Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g. farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, groups which recently or continue to rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.

Permitted vastly increased populations. Allowed a more consistent food source and encouraged (but did not cause) sedentism Required radical technological changes encouraged political and infrastructural complexity to manage surpluses and economic expansion Forced people to develop more rigid daily schedules In many societies, encouraged the development of slavery Increased social stratification due to the need to manage food surprluses. Increased warfare due to the need to hold greater territory more permanently. Encouraged the concept of land ownership and private or at least collective property. I could go on for pages and pages. But you get the idea

The divisions of labor changed... Men were no longer purely the hunters, and women were no longer the homebody/gatherers! Agricultural responsibilities were shared. Either gender could plant. Men generally plowed. Both genders could harvest. Women generally processed and prepared the fruits of the harvest...