How to identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and the conjugate base?

Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in each of the following.?

• HNO3+H2O <-> H3O^(+) +NO3^(-) NH4^(+) +H2O <-> H3O^(+) +NH3 And tell me how you got it. Thanks. :)

• Answer:

  Let us see, acid is a proton donor, and base proton acceptor 1. HNO3 is the acid since it can give off its H+ and NO3- is its conjugate base 2. NH4+ is the conjugate acid of the base NH3 Just remember the species that generally carries the charge is the conjugate species, thus NH3 does not carry the charge so it is the base, and NH4+ has a charge so it becomes the conjugate acid of NH3. Same thing for HNO3 also