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How to calculate force (mechanical engineering)?

• I build tons of mechanical devices, but I've decided that I'd like to make them better designed. This means not just measurements of I was wondering how you calculate force? Details: 1) So I know it's measured in newtons, and the newtons are calculated by mass times acceleration (F=ma). I also know Newton's three laws of motion and how the apply. But what exactly is a newton, how do you convert it to other things, and how do you measure newtons in a specific device/system? 2) Ok, how do you calculate force as affected by mechanical advantages? By this I mean what if there is a lever involved, or moving something up an inclined planes? Or letting it slide down? For example, word problem: You have a one lb weight resting on a board. This board is 36 inches long, and it has a fulcrum 12 inches from the weight side of the board. The board weighs 4 oz per 12 inches. If you pushed down at the very end of the non weight side of the board, and the weight was also exactly on the other end, how much force/weight would be needed? No need to solve, just an example. So there are probably a whole bunch of equations for this, any websites to look at? And I'm going to need to calculate out a lot of different mechanical forces, not just levers. For example, when I redo my design of the Assassin's Creed hidden blade, I'll need to calculate the amount of force I can generate based off how far I can pull a rope with my finger/wrist, and through that action rotate a ratcheting pulley, which will then move a lever attached to the switch of the mechanism. And based off that force figure out what is the greatest amount of force needed to move the mechanism (and then use that so the it is a strong as possible). 3) Any websites to look at that cover mechanical engineering in general? Thanks, Cliff

• Answer:

  actually you are confused with various units if a weight of 1 kg ...is lacting on the lever bar ...at a distance 12cm then force acting = 1 x 12 = kg-cm atmosphere pressure = 14.7 psi [pounds per square inch] a piston has 7inch dia what is the force area of piston = 22/7 x7 x7 x1/4 = = 11 x7 // 2 force = pressure x area = 14.7 x 11 x 7/2 pounds = 7.35 x 11 x7 = for further concept you should see the books of indian authors from agarwal publishers uk = pitman usa ...sham series books