Whats the working principle of ABSORPTION TYPE CHILLERS using LITHIUM BROMIDE & WATER. Please give FLOW CHART.
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Somebody told me that it does not have compressor, then how does it works? Also i heard it employs natural gas or solar heating to work.Please provide flow chart or line diagram. Thanx
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Answer:
It was hard to obtain even this information (ref. 1) on the web. Apparently lithium absorption technology is quite similar to that using ammonia which has several useful web descriptions (e.g., ref. 2). Both types use a heat source to operate, and have a complicated means of condensing and circulating refrigerant. Following is an earlier answer I gave to a question on absorption refrigerators which deals with the ammonia type: There are two types of these refrigerators. One operates in a "batch" like cycle having a generation phase and a refrigeration phase, with a check valve to ensure unidirectional flow. The other system operates in a continuous cycle, has no moving parts and still achieves unidirectional flow in an intriguing way. Both types use heat to drive the ammonia gas out of its water solution at one point in the loop, pass the gas through a condenser and an evaporator, and redissolve it at another point. In the two-phase system the generation phase drives the ammonia out of solution, and the ammonia cools, condenses and flows through the check valve into a receiver. The refrigeration phase removes the heat which reduces system pressure, allowing the liquid ammonia to evaporate, cool the refrigerator, and be reabsorbed by the water. The continuous cycle performs the same operations concurrently in a similar loop without a check valve and with constant pressure throughout the loop. What enables the refrigerant to circulate is the addition of hydrogen gas into the ammonia gas in the evaporator and the gaseous space of the absorber which follows the evaporator. In the words of ref. 2, each of the two gases in the evaporator, according to Dalton's law, "behaves as if it occupies the space alone. [...] Total pressure in the system is the sum of the vapor pressure of the ammonia plus the hydrogen pressure. When the pressure of the ammonia vapor is below the pressure corresponding to the vapor pressure for ammonia alone, the ammonia continues to evaporate. It tries to reach a vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature in the absorber." Note that the flow of the ammonia keeps the hydrogen in the evaporator and absorber and out of the condenser. What the quote above means is that flow occurs because both the condensation and the subsequent evaporation of the ammonia occur at nearly the same temperature and at just the same total pressure. How is this possible? Because the ammonia pressure is 100% of the pressure in the condenser but a smaller percentage of that same pressure when in the evaporator due to the added hydrogen. This creates a continuous movement of the ammonia around the loop! The diagram in the ref. 2 page clarifies this and provides many practical details omitted from this description. EDIT: Found another page with good comparison between ammonia and lithium bromide systems with diagrams, ref. 3.
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