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What is steel made of?

How is steel made? What is added to iron to make it steel?

  • I know it is an alloy, but I'm not sure how steel is made. Thanks for your answers.

  • Answer:

    Steel is basically iron with impurites in it (mostly carbon). These impurities are present in very small amounts, but greatly improve properties such as hardness, toughness, etc of pure iron. Steel making is elaborate process, but it starts from second stage of processing where sulphur, phosphorus, etc are removed & nickel, chromium etc are added. Carbon is naturally present in raw iron, its proportion is reduced to required value. Older processes are Bessemer process, German finery process, etc. which are not very common today. Newer processes like Basic Oxygen Steelmaking, using electric arc furnace, etc are used. It'll be too elaborate to describe them, try google or wiki.

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