Determine which, if any, of the three statements are equivalent.?
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Give a reason for your conclusion .I) If the dog wags its tail, then the dog is not calm. II) Either the dog does not wag its tail or the dog is not calm. III) If the dog is not calm, then the dog wags its tail. a.I, II, and III are equivalent b. I and II are equivalent c. II and III are equivalent d. I and III are equivalent e. None are equivalent
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Answer:
e. none are equivalent I is a hypothetical statement in which the dog wagging it's tail is a sufficient condition for the dog not being calm meaning that it necessarily follows. The dog not being calm is a necessary condition for the dog wagging it's tail meaning the dog not being calm has to happen for the tail to wag but it doesn't by itself guarantee tail wagging. If the tail is wagging, it must be true the dog is not calm, but not always the other way around. III is the opposite of I and therefore not equivalent. If the dog is not calm it must be true that it's tail is wagging, but not always the other way around. II is a disjunct and only the lack of one portion guarantees the other. If the dog is not calm you can not conclude anything about the dog wagging it's tail or vice versa.
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