What is the function of a stele?

1. What is the function of restriction enzymes that naturally occur in bacterial cells?

• What is the function of restriction enzymes that naturally occur in bacterial cells? A. They are used during DNA replication in the bacterial cell. B. They are used to degrade the bacterial cell's DNA. C. Restriction enzymes are intended to destroy foreign DNA that enters the cell. D. These enzymes are used to attach pieces of DNA together. Which of the following is mismatched? A. bioinformatics – the study of a genome using computer analysis B. polymerase chain reaction – process that separates DNA fragments according to size C. genomics – the study of genes of humans and other organisms D. proteomics – the study of proteins of the cell. What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges Which of the following molecules forms lengths of DNA with "sticky ends"? A. DNA ligase B. DNA polymerase C. RNA polymerase D. reverse transcriptase E. restriction enzyme What is the function of a restriction enzyme in recombinant technology? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges What is complementary DNA (cDNA)? A. the strand of DNA opposite the strand used to make mRNA B. a sequence of DNA as it is found in the genome C. any sequence of cloned DNA D. DNA made from a mature mRNA template E. DNA made through the polymerase chain reaction When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product–as in the case of insulin–the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. Therefore, A. if the sequence is known, very small human genes can be built with a DNA synthesizer in a laboratory and they will lack introns. B. reverse transcriptase can be used to make DNA "backwards" from human mature mRNA and this would lack introns. C. reverse transcriptase can be used along with a DNA synthesizer to construct a piece of DNA lacking introns. D. only human mitochondrial DNA can be used because it was originally of bacterial origin. E. it is impossible to use bacteria to express human gene products because all human genes have introns. What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT A. they are made by bacteria and viruses. B. hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified. C. they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join together two different DNA strands. D. each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence. To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), you must have the catalytic DNA polymerase and A. a blueprint or gene map of the sequence you wish to copy. B. the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands C. a DNA synthesizer machine. D. a DNA probe. Researchers are looking into using the p53 gene to bring about apotosis in cancer cells. True False DNA fingerprinting was developed after the year 2000. True False Biotechnology is a completely new process that has only been developed within the last decade. True False One use of transgenic bacteria is to produce a toxin that kills insects that eat the plant containing the toxin. True False Because of the use of the polymerase chain reaction, linkage data may be gathered from the sperm cells of one man rather than from the blood of many members of that man's family. True False Unlike bacteria, yeast which are eukaryotic cells have the capability of transcribing and translating mammalian genomic DNA directly. True False A transgenic plant is more difficult to produce than a transgenic animal, because the plant must be injected with DNA. True False What is a vector and why is it needed in gene transfer? Why is it important to use cDNA in making recombinant DNA from a mammal to be expressed in a bacterial culture? What are some of the methods used for genetic engineering of plants? What methods are used for transfer of genetic material to animal cells?

• Answer:

  What is the function of restriction enzymes that naturally occur in bacterial cells? C. Restriction enzymes are intended to destroy foreign DNA that enters the cell. Which of the following is mismatched? B. polymerase chain reaction – process that separates DNA fragments according to size What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering? B. carry DNA into a new cell Which of the following molecules forms lengths of DNA with "sticky ends"? E. restriction enzyme What is the function of a restriction enzyme in recombinant technology? A. cut DNA into many fragments What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology? C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA What is complementary DNA (cDNA)? D. DNA made from a mature mRNA template When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product–as in the case of insulin–the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. Therefore, C. reverse transcriptase can be used along with a DNA synthesizer to construct a piece of DNA lacking introns. What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering? D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT C. they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join together two different DNA strands. To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), you must have the catalytic DNA polymerase and B. the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands Researchers are looking into using the p53 gene to bring about apotosis in cancer cells. True DNA fingerprinting was developed after the year 2000. False Biotechnology is a completely new process that has only been developed within the last decade. False One use of transgenic bacteria is to produce a toxin that kills insects that eat the plant containing the toxin. True Because of the use of the polymerase chain reaction, linkage data may be gathered from the sperm cells of one man rather than from the blood of many members of that man's family. True False (Not sure, but I think it's false) Unlike bacteria, yeast which are eukaryotic cells have the capability of transcribing and translating mammalian genomic DNA directly. True A transgenic plant is more difficult to produce than a transgenic animal, because the plant must be injected with DNA. True False (Not sure, but I think it's false) What is a vector and why is it needed in gene transfer? - A vector is basically a piece of DNA that can serve as a carrier for genes for the purpose of gene transfer or insertion. It's needed in gene transfer, because it contains the components needed to express the gene (transcription promoters, etc...) Cheers then.