How much bacteria growth occurs in reused water bottles?

Science questions about the Body and systems?

• 1. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction? a. endocrine system b. lymphatic system c. integumentary system d. skeletal system The process by which organ systems maintain a relatively stable internal environment is called a. circulation. b. organization. c. homeostasis. d. teamwork. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment? a. lymphatic system b. nervous system c. excretory system d. reproductive system What is the function of the central nervous system? a. to relay messages b. to process information c. to analyze information d. all of the above Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain? a. thermoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors c. photoreceptors d. pain receptors Refer to Figure 35-1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure? a. A b. B c. E d. C What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? a. nerve b. neuron c. organ d. tissue A student’s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the a. brain stem. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. cerebrum. What cells maintain the cellular activities of bone? a. osteoblasts b. osteocytes c. osteoclasts d. cartilage What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones? a. joints b. ligaments c. periosteum d. tendons In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the a. epithelial tissue layer. b. pericardium. c. connective tissue layer. d. myocardium. Which is the correct direction of blood flow? a. right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery b. right atrium → left atrium → pulmonary artery c. left ventricle → pulmonary artery → aorta d. left ventricle → left atrium → aorta In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the a. mitral valve. b. tricuspid valve. c. septum. d. pericardium. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins a. are thicker. b. are thinner. c. lack valves. d. have more resistance. Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels? a. arteries b. veins c. lymphatic cells d. capillaries The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to a. stimulate the heartbeat. b. accelerate the flow of blood. c. prevent the backward flow of blood. d. serve as a cushion to prevent friction. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the a. veins. b. arteries. c. capillaries. d. pharynx. Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure? a. spleen b. kidney c. liver d. gall bladder When the pressure of blood pumping through the blood vessels is constantly too high, the condition is known as a. a heart attack. b. hypertension. c. atherosclerosis. d. a stroke. When an infection occurs, the number of a. red blood cells increases. b. red blood cells decreases. c. white blood cells increases. d. white blood cells decreases. Which blood cells are most numerous in the body? a. red b. white c. platelets d. plasma Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a. regulate filtration b. regulate body temperature c. transport nutrients d. fight infection Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma? a. It is 90 percent water. b. It is 50 percent water. c. It is 10 percent water. d. It contains no water. How much blood does the human body contain? a. 1–2 liters b. 4–6 liters c. 8–10 liters d. 12–14 liters A calorie is the amount of energy needed to a. raise the temperature of the body by 1° Celsius. b. raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1° Celsius. c. raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1° Celsius. d. none of the above Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair, and maintenance are called a. enzymes. b. nutrients. c. ATP. d. Calories. Inorganic molecules that perform vital functions in the body are called a. lipids. b. proteins. c. vitamins. d. minerals. The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from a. proteins. b. unsaturated fats. c. carbohydrates. d. water. Proteins are made of polymers called a. lipids. b. unsaturated fats. c. amino acids. d. vitamins. Which of the following structures is made up mostly of water? a. blood b. lymph c. body fluids d. all of the above Water is lost from the body by each of the following EXCEPT a. sweating. b. urinating. c. respiration. d. circulation. What can occur if a person does not take in enough water to replace what is lost? a. dehydration b. circulatory problems c. nervous system problems d. all of the above What “food tube” carries food between the pharynx and the stomach? a. small intestine b. epiglottis c. esophagus d. large intestine Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach? a. mucus b. pepsin c. villi d. hydrochloric acid Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas? a. produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels b. produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids c. produces bile d. produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid Where does the process of chemical digestion begin? a. stomach b. esophagus c. small intestine d. mouth Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the a. bladder. b. gallbladder. c. large intestine. d. pancreas. The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and a. break down nutrients. b. remove wastes. c. absorb nutrients. d. prevent infection. The main organs of the excretory system are the a. kidneys. b. lungs. c. intestines. d. ureters. The endocrine system is made up of a. hormones. b. glands. c. gonads. d. prostaglandins. Which structure in Figure 39-1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood? a. C b. D c. E d. F What is the function of the structure labeled H in Figure 39-1? a. to produce sex hormones b. to produce thyroxine c. to produce insulin and glucagon d. to produce thymosin Which structure in Figure 39-1 releases nine hormones and regulates many of the other endocrine glands? a. B b. D c. H d. J Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine? a. parathyroid b. hypothalamus c. pituitary d. adrenal During the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH peak, causing the a. corpus luteum to disintegrate. b. follicle to release a mature egg. c. uterine lining to detach from the uterus. d. the lining of the uterus to thicken. A zygote is a a. two-celled embryo. b. solid ball of about 50 cells. c. blastocyst. d. fertilized egg. The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by a. toxins. b. microorganisms. c. heredity. d. materials in the environment. An example of an infectious disease that is caused by a virus is a. athlete’s foot. b. tuberculosis. c. influenza (the flu). d. tetanus. Antibiotics fight infections by a. preventing viruses from replicating. b. killing bacteria. c. killing infected cells. d. growing green mold that inhibits bacterial growth. A person who has received a vaccine against polio a. is able to produce antibodies against polio. b. is more susceptible to the polio virus than someone who has not had the vaccine. c. has polio antibodies in the bloodstream. d. has antipolio killer T cells in the bloodstream.

• Answer:

  1. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction? a. endocrine system 2.The process by which organ systems maintain a relatively stable internal environment is called c. homeostasis. 3. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment? b. nervous system 4.What is the function of the central nervous system? d. all of the above 5.Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain? d. pain receptors 6.Refer to Figure 35-1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure? ( dendrites – whichever) 7.What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? b. neuron 8.A student’s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the d. cerebrum. 9.What cells maintain the cellular activities of bone? b. osteocytes 10.What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones? d. tendons 11.In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the d. myocardium. 12.Which is the correct direction of blood flow? a. right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery 13.In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the . c. septum. . 14.Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins a. are thicker. 15.Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels? d. capillaries 16.The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to c. prevent the backward flow of blood. . 17.When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the b. arteries. 18.Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure? c. liver 19.When the pressure of blood pumping through the blood vessels is constantly too high, the condition is b. hypertension. 20.When an infection occurs, the number of c. white blood cells increases. 21.Which blood cells are most numerous in the body? a. red 22.Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a. regulate filtration 23.Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma? a. It is 90 percent water. 24.How much blood does the human body contain? b. 4–6 liters 25.A calorie is the amount of energy needed to a. raise the temperature of the body by 1° Celsius. 26. Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair, and maintenance are called . b. nutrients. 27.Inorganic molecules that perform vital functions in the body are called d. minerals. 28.The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from a. proteins. 29.Proteins are made of polymers called a. lipids. c. amino acids. 30.Which of the following structures is made up mostly of water? d. all of the above 31.Water is lost from the body by each of the following EXCEPT d. circulation. 32.What can occur if a person does not take in enough water to replace what is lost? a. dehydration 33.What “food tube” carries food between the pharynx and the stomach? c. esophagus 34.Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach? c. villi 35.Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas? c. produces bile 36.Where does the process of chemical digestion begin? d. mouth 37.Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the c. large intestine. . 38.The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and b. remove wastes. 39.The main organs of the excretory system are the a. kidneys. 40.The endocrine system is made up of b. glands. 41.Which structure in Figure 39-1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood? (Parathyroid- whichever) 42.What is the function of the structure labeled H in Figure 39-1? (sorry I cant see the diagram) 43.Which structure in Figure 39-1 releases nine hormones and regulates many of the other endocrine glands? (Pituitary- whichever) 44.Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine? d. adrenal 45.During the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH peak, causing the b. follicle to release a mature egg. 46.A zygote is a d. fertilized egg. 47.The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by . b. microorganisms. 48.An example of an infectious disease that is caused by a virus is c. influenza (the flu). 49.Antibiotics fight infections by a. preventing viruses from replicating. 50.A person who has received a vaccine against polio c. has polio antibodies in the bloodstream.