How do you write a Cover Letter for a Work Experience Placement?

I am 18 years old, and I am applying for a work experience programme that a firm has offered they have said that they want my CV and cover letter, I have a CV, but I have no idea how to write a cover letter, what do you include? What is the structure of it? What should I avoid doing? What makes an ideal cover letter? Sorry for soo many questions, but I really have no idea how to write one.
Answer:

I am writing to you regarding the work experience programme I applied for and have enclosed my c/v for your consideration.You will notice from the c/v that i have strong ingredients towards what is on offer but feel you need to see me in person if we are to go any further, so would welcome the opportunity to discuss the opportunities available. This would also give me the chance to see how you operate the programme and what impact it could have with my future career prospects. Yours Sincerely, Put you name and address at the top and the position you have applied for if you have any hobbies that might be relevant to what you are applying for add them in an the end....

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