Approx. 1000 yrs ago, a river delta was formed where the city of New Orleans is now located. ...?
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Approximately 1000 yrs ago, a river delta was formed where the city of New Orleans is now located. This delta consists of deposited silt formerly held in colloidal dispersion in the Mississippi River. Explain why this silt from the Mississippi River was deposited at the point where the river empties into the salt-laden Gulf of Mexico.
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Answer:
"Build-up of the Gulf of Mexico shoreline due to the outflow of the Mississippi River has been occurring in a periodic fashion since the late Jurassic period. This same process is responsible for build up of the larger Mississippi embayment; however, the delta region is the most recent and ecologically distinct portion. The latest cycle of delta movement can be traced to the pleistocene epoch, when a large amount of ocean water was tied up in glaciers. The sea level was 300-400 feet (~100m) below present level, and causing the mouth of the Mississippi to be located further out into the Gulf of Mexico. 10,000 years ago, the glaciers began to melt, and the sea level began to rise. 5,000 - 6,000 years ago, the sea level stabilized, and formation of recognizable modern deltas began."
Maffy at Yahoo! Answers Visit the source
Other answers
First, I don't think you mean colloidal silt, I think you mean colloidal clay. I believe silt (which is a size term, by the way) is too large to form a colloid; perhaps some at the lower end of their size range might, however. Mostly, though, it is the clay minerals that form colloids (don't confuse the phrase 'clay mineral' with the term clay--the term clay is also a size term, whereas clay minerals are layered siicate minerals). Anyway, as the silt and clay-rich water comes to the Gulf of Mexico two processes are at work. One is that, all of a sudden the flowing river gets to its "base level" (sea level in this case), and any particle held in suspension by the force of the flowing water will tend to just fall to the seafloor. The other process is flocculation. I'm a bit hazy as to the chemistry, but I believe that, because the clay minerals generally contain fresh water in their structure, there is a reaction with the salt water that causes many clay particles to clump together (flocculate), and these then become too heavy to stay in suspension. A source you might check out is R. Flint's book on glacial geology; another source is any sedimentology textbook.
David A
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