Does sun's declination or transit altitude change if you move to a southern hemisphere?

While this changes with latitude, I'm quite certain that it is a mirrored process for the hemispheres, i.e. 40° North = 40° South. However, I think you have to shift the day to 6 months ahead, as Summer = Winter etc. and so the Solstices (in regard to season) would be shifted to 6 months, as would each other day of the year.

While this changes with latitude, I'm quite certain that it is a mirrored process for the hemispheres, i.e. 40° North = 40° South. However, I think you have to shift the day to 6 months ahead, as Summer = Winter etc. and so the Solstices (in regard to season) would be shifted to 6 months, as would each other day of the year.

The Sun's declination only changes with time, and is always between -23.5 and +23.5. It does not atter where you are observing from. It's transit altitude will change with latitude. Let's say it is the June solstice. At 23.5 degrees north latitude (Tropic of Cancer) the Sun will appear overhead at local apparent noon (90 degrees elevation). At any other latitude, it will be less... fro 23.5 degrees south (Tropic of Capricorn) on that day, the Sun will reach a maxmium altitude of 43 degrees altitude, less than halfway to overhead. Comparible latitudes (45 degrees north vs. 45 degrees south, for example) will have the sun at the same transit altitude two days out of the year only... on the equinoxes.. (the direction you look is reversed, however, from 45 deg. N, you would face south to see the Sun, from 45 deg S, you would face north).

Declination only changes as the Earth orbits the Sun due to the Earth's tilted axis of rotation. Because of the Sun's declination at a certain times during the year the transit altitude of the sun will be different in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere only when the Sun's declination is greater or less than 0 degrees. When the Sun's declination is 0 degrees i.e. on the Equator then the Sun's altitude will be the same for both hemispheres. The seasons are determined by the declination of the Sun, which is due to the Earth's axis of rotation as it orbits the sun. What ever season is in the Northern Hemisphere the Southern Hemisphere will have the opposite.

Declination (along with Right Ascension, RA) is the address amongst the stars, in the frame work of Celestial Sphere. Like the declination (& RA) of Sirius, for example, it doesn't change wherever the observer is on Earth. An observer on Earth has his set of co-ordinates "Azimuth & Elevation" angles for the body/object. 'Az' can be anywhere from 0° to 360°. 'El' can be between 0° & 90° but not negative. Negative elevation implies it is below the horizon (so one can view only half the this sphere). You need Mathematics to translate from 'RA / decl' of a star to 'Az / El' at your location, with 'Lat /long'of the location as input. I haven't come across TRANSIT ALTITUDE. What I understand by it is the elevation when the (heavenly) body transits (passes) the main or principal meridian of the place. When the Sun transits it, the time is called local noon. Declination is translated as 'Elevation', via the local 'latitude' that gets subtracted (latitude is taken as negative in southern hemisphere for mathematical purpose, & so gets added). So Sun's declination affects TRANSIT ALTITUDE, depressing it, 'Altitude' (what I call Elevation; because the word 'Altitude' is reserved for height, not angle above the horizon). Sun is constantly moving on the Celestial sphere and so its 'RA/decl' changes every second; but is taken as the same for that day (for people like us, but not for ESA, NASA or ISRO).

Declination only changes as the Earth orbits the Sun due to the Earth's tilted axis of rotation. Because of the Sun's declination at a certain times during the year the transit altitude of the sun will be different in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere only when the Sun's declination is greater or less than 0 degrees. When the Sun's declination is 0 degrees i.e. on the Equator then the Sun's altitude will be the same for both hemispheres. The seasons are determined by the declination of the Sun, which is due to the Earth's axis of rotation as it orbits the sun. What ever season is in the Northern Hemisphere the Southern Hemisphere will have the opposite.

If I understand the question right, the answer is not quite as simple as it may seem. Firstly, during the course of a year the Sun displays a north-south drift of 47 degrees (23.5N - 0 - 23.5S). Therefore anyone who lives South of the Tropic of Capricorn will see the Sun rise in the East and then always follow a path which takes it north of the zenith (overhead point). Likewise anyone who lives to the north of the Tropic of Cancer will see the Sun rise in the East and then always follow a path which takes it to the south of the zenith. Those living on either the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn will see the Sun pass overhead at the times of the solstices. However anyone observing between the two Tropics will see the Sun follow a path which takes it to the north of the zenith at certain times of the year, but south of the zenith at others, depending on the season. Any observer on the equator, at the times of the equinoxes, will see the Sun rise vertically upwards from due East, pass through the zenith and then set vertically due west. So the majority of observers in the southern hemisphere will see the Sun move to the north rather than the south.

Declination (along with Right Ascension, RA) is the address amongst the stars, in the frame work of Celestial Sphere. Like the declination (& RA) of Sirius, for example, it doesn't change wherever the observer is on Earth. An observer on Earth has his set of co-ordinates "Azimuth & Elevation" angles for the body/object. 'Az' can be anywhere from 0° to 360°. 'El' can be between 0° & 90° but not negative. Negative elevation implies it is below the horizon (so one can view only half the this sphere). You need Mathematics to translate from 'RA / decl' of a star to 'Az / El' at your location, with 'Lat /long'of the location as input. I haven't come across TRANSIT ALTITUDE. What I understand by it is the elevation when the (heavenly) body transits (passes) the main or principal meridian of the place. When the Sun transits it, the time is called local noon. Declination is translated as 'Elevation', via the local 'latitude' that gets subtracted (latitude is taken as negative in southern hemisphere for mathematical purpose, & so gets added). So Sun's declination affects TRANSIT ALTITUDE, depressing it, 'Altitude' (what I call Elevation; because the word 'Altitude' is reserved for height, not angle above the horizon). Sun is constantly moving on the Celestial sphere and so its 'RA/decl' changes every second; but is taken as the same for that day (for people like us, but not for ESA, NASA or ISRO).