How exchange rate is fixed in free market?
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Answer:
Exchange rate under a floating exchange rate scheme (as often does in free market) does not stay constant. It will always fluctuate due to changes in demand and supply. However, the state can control the supply of the currency (sell off or buy in their currency) in order to control the exchange rate. While this has been the traditional method of limiting currency exchange rate fluctuation, the global scale and scope of currency markets has significantly lowered the ability of a government to affect currency exchange rates via this method. For most major currencies, this adjustment of the currency supply can only push the exchange rate a few percentage in one direction or the other. Instead, the method most countries wishing to fix their currency exchange rate use is called "pegging" - that is, a country legally fixes the exchange rate against a larger currency (typically the US Dollar, Euro, or Yen), and only allows exchanges of currency at the "official" rate. China is a clear example of this practice, though they are hardly the only one. "Pegging" a currency is generally considered to be a violation of free market principles, because it artificially declares the value of something without consulting the marketplace.
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