What are two major properties used to classify igneous rocks?
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Answer:
The two major properties used to classify igneous rock are: Crystal Size/Texture--Small crystals are indicative of rapid above ground cooling of lava into what is classified as extrusive igneous rock such as basalt, obsidian, or rhyolite. Large crystals are indicative of slow cooling magma underground, resulting in what is called intrusive igneous rock such as granite, gabbro, and diorite. Chemistry or Mineralogy--Igneous rock is also classified by its elemental composition. Igneous rock, whether intrusive or extrusive, that is high in silica is classified as felsic. Igneous rock that is low in silica, but higher in heavier elements like iron, is classified as mafic. Rocks falling between the two are classified as intermediate.
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