What is an example of horizontal integration?

horizontal integration, vertical integration and convergence example

• What are some examples of Horizontal integration, vertical integration and convergence owenership in the british media?

• Answer:

  Here some help for what seems to be a homework question. I give you some definitions and I let it to you to find examples. 1) "Conglomeration: The process of corporations purchasing other companies and thus becoming much larger and usually more diverse, often to include both media and non-media firms. Globalization: The distribution of media products across national boundaries; large media conglomerates now own and distribute media across the globe. Horizontal integration: An ownership structure in which one conglomerate owns or operates different kinds of media (for example, movie studios, television networks, music labels and radio stations), concentrating ownership across the different segments of the media industry. Vertical integration: An ownership structure in which one conglomerate owns or operates all aspects of production and distribution within a single segment of the media industry; for example, movie studio, talent agency, movie theatres, DVD manufacturing plant and video rental stores." Source and further information: http://www.sagepub.com/mcquail6/Online%20readings/9b%20Croteau%20&%20Hoynes%20-Devereux-Ch-02.pdf Further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_integration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_integration 2) "Convergence: Ownership At the highest level of today's media conglomerates, "convergence" means the ownership of multiple content or distribution channels. In the global economy, Viacom , Disney , Vivendi Universal and AOL Time Warner are frequently used as examples of what has been called ownership convergence. In the United States, Tribune Company , Belo Corporation and Hearst Corporation are examples of companies -- smaller, but still large -- that own newspaper, television, Internet and other media properties. The merger between AOL and Time Warner in 2000 marked a particularly significant event in the annals of ownership convergence. It was, the Financial Times of London reported, "the clearest indication to date that the much-anticipated coming together of programming of all kinds and the means to deliver it is becoming a reality."" Source and further information: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/business/1068686368.php