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What are the elements of earth?

What are the rarest elements available on earth? And what are most abundantly available?

  • What is the percentage of these elements in the earth's composition?

  • Answer:

    I'll take the question as referring to naturally-occurring elements rather than artificially-produced ones. Technetium (Tc): Long believed to be completely nonexistent on Earth, due to the fact that its longest-lived isotope has a half-life of 4.2 million years.  However, it is present in uranium ores in detectable trace quantities, as a fission product.  By trace, I mean trace: one kilogram of uranium metal (not ore) contains, on average, a little more than a nanogram of technetium isotopes.  That's approximately one part per trillion. Considering that uranium itself constitutes one part in 2 to 4 million of the Earth's crust, that gives a technetium crustal abundance of 2 to 4 parts per 10^18.  Pretty skinny, that; never buy stock in a technetium mine. Good thing we can make it. Plutonium (Pu): Also long believed to be nonexistent in the natural world, plutonium exists in the Earth's crust in quantities even smaller than technetium: 2.4 to 4.4 x 10^-12 in the richest uranium ores — chiefly as a result of neutron capture, though a trace amount of primordial Pu-244 is expected to remain from the formation of the Earth. This gives a maximum global crustal abundance of 4 to 16 parts per 10^21, though the qualification of the richest uranium ores indicates that the true figure is likely to be much lower.

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Rarest Astatine-Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth only as the result of the radioactive decay of certain heavier elements. All of its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.5 hours. Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element that is not a transuranic element, with the total amount in Earth's crust estimated to be less than one gram at any given time. Berkelium-Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Bk and atomic number 97, a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.The major isotope of berkelium, berkelium-249, is synthesized in minute quantities in dedicated high-flux nuclear reactors, mainly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, and at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad, Russia. The production of the second-important isotope berkelium-247 involves the irradiation of the rare isotope curium-244 with high-energy alpha particles.Just over one gram of berkelium has been produced in the United States since 1967. Rare earth metals- A rare earth element (REE) or rare earth metal is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Abundant Oxygen Silicon Aluminium Iron Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_element#List http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements#Abundance_of_elements_in_the_Earth

Prateek Sharma

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