How much money I can save if I move from Microsoft IDC (Hyderabad) to Redmond ?

I work at Microsoft, Redmond and would be qualified to answer your concerns. To answer you questions. You will end up getting around $88k after taxes (assuming $125k salary as mentioned by you in description). Your living expenses (including Rent, Auto loan installments, food, other utilities plus convenience) would be around $3k/month, which means you will end up saving about $48k in a year (rounding off $4k for impulse expenses and shopping). Also, this is assuming you have a family and love a lavish lifestyle. Apart from the salary, you will also get stock and cash bonus which I haven't accounted for, assuming you will spend that money on vacations and other expenses (although it is too large a sum to spend on vacations). So, $48k is a very conservative estimate and your total saving will definitely be more than this. I would say, a more easy estimate would be around $60k mark. I find that only one of the cons you have mentioned is true (visiting India only once a year), other than that, all others are unfounded concerns. I have excellent colleagues over here who are very helpful (just like IDC since essentially, the culture remains the same). Infact, I would go at length to assure you that work culture here is probably better or similar to what you have in IDC. Job security is as much, if not more than, IDC. Remember, layoffs affected IDC too and a very small no. of people from the Puget sound area were laid off in the recent layoffs and these too happened after 5 years. one very important point that I would like to add here is, there is much less bullshit to deal with here. Personally as well as professionally. Quality of life is much better, again, professionally and personally. Apart from these, if you have any other questions, let me know.

It seems that you are mostly doing this for your family.. in which case, only downside I see is, you will be staying away from those who you care most.. aka #3..  Money, work, colleagues, life, you will get equal or better, mostly better, but know that you will be in foreign country far away from the people you care for. Prioritize & choose..

Since you mentioned about your family's financial problem , I don't think you should really be bothered about money etc here . Money is purely materialistic is nature , the best thing which you can give to your parents is your time. Your parents will be way happy if you stay with them , serve them in their old age , than go to some remote part of the world to earn more money for them . I personally believe its very selfish of people , to leave their parents, who brought them up , cared for them for 20-25 years , to  leave them in their old age , to die alone in India. Just try to imagine this from the perspective of a mother or father , when she/he is not able to see his son for months together. If you can't think of this as of now , I would suggest just wait for 20-25 years , when you would be on the other side of the table.   If money is the primary driving factor for going to US , I wonder why are you limiting yourself to Microsoft US then , you can join Google or Facebook or any other company which is ready to pay you much higher than Microsoft US and you can be done with your so called financial problem , that too quickly.   Coming to solving the problem with the above limitations , I believe there are other ways of boosting your income in India itself also . With a saving of 12L, there are numerous ways of investing this money and multiplying it in India within years . Personally, I would suggest buying a plot/land in some mid tier city like say a Bhopal/Lucknow etc. as the safest and the most returning investment. Buying in a mid tier city ensures the land prices are within the limits of being purchased at reasonable prices  and since these cities are developing , these prices are bound to shoot up in recent future, which means a heavy return. There are numerous other ways of investments which you should be easily able to find on net.