What role does Equity theory play in the new system?

What are the details of the model of the universe, shaped like Torricelli's Trumpet, developed by Professor Frank Steiner?

• I have intuitive feeling that this model might be near to the reality. According to professor Frank Steiner of University of Ulm and his team, The universe is shaped like Torricelli's Trumpet. Please give answers containing extra information not given in these articles: : http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4879-big-bang-glow-hints-at-funnelshaped-universe.html#.U42hX_muk80a http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-universe-is-not-round-say-scientists--it-is-shaped-like-a-trumpet-6171110.html and others that can be found easily on internet, but which merely scratch the surface. It'd be appreciated if some information is also given on how mathematical models are built. Answers from Cosmologists are most welcome. EDIT: I found some good relevant articles on the web related to this for further reference. Here are the links: http://arxiv.org/pdf/0708.1420v2.pdf Excerpt from: http://www.izwtalt.uni-wuppertal.de/sites/default/files/files/Workshop/2009/Steiner_shape_of_the_universe.pdf "The second place where we encounter the question of whether the infinite is found in nature is in the consideration of the universe as a whole. Here we must consider the expanse of the universe to determine whether it embraces anything infinitely large. But here again modern science, in particular astronomy, has reopened the question and is endeavoring to solve it, not by the defective means of metaphysical speculation, but by reasons which are based on experiment and on the application of the laws of nature. Here, too, serious objections against infinity have been found. Euclidean geometry necessarily leads to the postulate that space is infinite. Although euclidean geometry is indeed a consistent conceptual system, it does not thereby follow that euclidean geometry actually holds in reality. Whether or not real space is euclidean can be determined only through observation and experiment. The attempt to prove the infinity of space by pure speculation contains gross errors. From the fact that outside a certain portion of space there is always more space, it follows only that space is unbounded, not that it is infinite. Unboundedness and finiteness are compatible. In so-called elliptical geometry, mathematical investigation furnishes the natural model of a finite universe. Today the abandonment of euclidean geometry is no longer merely a mathematical or philosophical speculation but is suggested by considerations which originally had nothing to do with the question of the finiteness of the universe. Einstein has shown that euclidean geometry must be abandoned. On the basis of his gravitational theory, he deals with cosmological questions and shows that a finite universe is possible. Moreover, all the results of astronomy are perfectly compatible with the postulate that the universe is elliptical". "Our principal result is that the infinite is nowhere to be found in reality. It neither exists in nature nor provides a legitimate basis for rational thought… The role that remains for the infinite to play is solely that of an idea… which transcends all experience and which completes the concrete as totality…"

• Answer:

  We can map the past expansion rates of the Universe since the thing is a big time machine. When we look at the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, we are seeing the remnant energy of the early Universe as it was when it was about 380,000 years old. We're peering back in time over 13.7 billion years. Look at objects 10 billion light years away, and we see them as they were 10 billion years ago. So we can observe how things were behaving step by step after the formation of the CMBR and the Type 1A supernovae of the earliest stars. By looking at the red shift of objects at varying distances, we can tell how fast galaxies were moving away 12 billion years ago, and by stepping up to 11 billion light year, then ten and so forth, we can see how that changed as time went on. What that observation tells us is that the Universe must have gone through an incredibly rapid expansion immediately after the Big Bang. It then expanded at a slowly decreasing pace until about 7 billion years ago, at which point expansion began to accelerate again. Watch the video at http://UniverseToday.com for an explanation of how this works: http://www.universetoday.com/89490/video-nobel-prize-winner-explains-the-expanding-universe/ That gives us a shape more like this: This may be due to increasing quantum vacuum of expanding spacetime. Perhaps the particles and energy being constantly created and mostly annihilated withing the growing quantum vacuum is what contributes to the posited dark energy that drives accelerating expansion of spacetime. If that is so, then it makes sense that the early Universe's expansion would slow until it reached a tipping point 7 billion years ago where enough spacetime had been created that its increasing energy was able to overcome the pull of gravity on the very large scale.