What is the vector diagram of a transformer?

How can you find a feasible vector diagram from this situation?

• I ask this because any attempt at a vector diagram I make ends up with the two momentum vector arrows not arranged 'head to tail' as they should be.

• Answer:

  Conserve momentum and resolve horizontal and vertical components. The arrow coming in has p_x = 0.1 * 50 = 5 kg.m/s p_y = 0 kg.m/s The piece of apple flying up has mass 50g = 0.05 kg, and speed 20m/s p_y_apple_chunk = 0.05 * 20 = 1 kg.m/s p_x_apple_chunk = 0 kg.m/s So, the piece we need to solve for (call it apple + arrow) has a combined mass of 150g = 0.15kg. It must have momentum p_y_apple_and_arrow = -1 kg.m/s p_x_apple_and_arrow = 5 kg.m/s The velocity is the momentum divided by the mass, v_y_apple_and_arrow = -1/0.15 = -6.666 m/s v_x_apple_and_arrow = 33.333 m/s The combined velocity is sqrt(v_x^2+v_y^2) = 33.99 m/s The initial angle of motion = atan(33.333/6.666) = 11.3 degrees below the horizontal