What will be the next official language to replace Java as a main Android programming environment?

Resolving all issues for Google vs Oracle in court might take a while. Java is very deeply connected with Android. Instead of thinking what will replace Java on Android, maybe it's better to consider what will replace Android?

Since app logic is event-based, that we need a lot of request and async stuff, plus a xml/html view + style management : For me the best native replacement for java would be javascript. - It would only take one require of an "android" module to access all it's api. - The models and logic would be directly imported from web apps and could lead to a webview port easily on iOS. There are a lot of steps taken in that direction : https://www.nativescript.org/ https://facebook.github.io/react-native/ These framework implement a javascript-to-native layer wich is (supposedly) platform-agnostic. What would be a huge step forward would be to provide a Javascript Native api, with autonomous c or c++ endpoints and not an adapter to java or obj-c. As an app developper, I wouldn't care managing the view layer for the different native mindsets and design best practices, if only my models, requests, and data management, could be standardized.

The software that runs the apps on Android devices is Dalvik. Programs are commonly written in Java and compiled to bytecode They are then converted from Java Virtual Machine-compatible .class files to Dalvik-compatible .dex (Dalvik Executable) files before installation on a device. As you can see Java is in the heart of Android, therefore any change of this language will result in the changing of the whole architecture, which is not easy...

For something different, how about App Inventor? http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2010/12/letting-everyone-do-great-things-with.html

They might gradually phase Android out in favour of their Chrome platform. Google's investing a lot on Chrome - not just the browser but Chromecast, Chromebooks, Chrome Web Store, etc. They're also removing Android branding from a few places like their Store. Chrome browser is becoming a robust developing environment which they have total control over - rendering engine, networking, service layer, dev tools, etc. Google's even investing in public libraries such as AngularJS for web development, perhaps with the intention of raising momentum of web app developers, community. I can totally see them directing AngularJS and their evangelists towards 'AngularJS for Chrome', adding a Chrome UI module or something that respects their Chrome UI guidelines and plugs into Chrome Dev Tools. In which case, the answer is JavaScript. (Or some of their semi toy languages like Dart)

Going by the friction between Oracle and Google and the fact that apple too has introduced a new programming language, Google would probably be looking at a language which works well with its new runtime ART and the contenders are either Dart or Go. Dart has now been merged with Polymer which is the framework behind Google's material design

If there is any chance of another language replacing Java, it'll be Python. Google App Engine uses Java+Python and Python have a devoted following within Google.

I doubt that Java would be replaced entirely - in the end, it's beneficial for both Google and Oracle that Android uses Java.  It will come down to money in the end. In terms of other languages / programming platforms for Android, you can already use: 1) Adobe Flash 2) Adobe Air And as mentioned by others, there's also the Android Native Development Kit (NDK).

I think Javascript should be on the top priority.First of All, A lot of mobile platforms are using javascript as there first class programming languages like Ubuntu Touch, Firefox OS.Secondly, Javascript is one of the most popular programming languages today. A lot of new features have been added, And make it compilable is just a problem of time. Alternatively, extending javascript with C/C++ is very easy.Thirdly, HTML+CSS is the most mature ui/rendering system, which we can take advantages from. To link the browser and the OS is definitely what Chrome OS is working for.Lastly, React Native is trying to bridge the gap by compile javascript things into native languages, And it is doing well.I think web applications are the most intelligent ui system I ever encountered, if all mobile platforms use web technologies to ease the way the mobile apps develope, more time will be saved and more creativities will be inspired.