Avionics: What are the various systems in an aircraft controlled by cockpit avionics?

Air Mass Sensor System Inertial Sensor System Communication Systems Navigation Systems Surveillance Systems, including TCAS. TAWS, and Windshear Flight Management Systems Data Link Approach and Landing Systems Flight Control Systems Primary Flight Control System Environmental Systems AC Electrical Systems DC Electrical Systems Fuel System Hydraulic Systems Door Status Power Plant Auxiliary Power Unit Secondary Systems Caution Advisory and Aural Alert Electronic Breaker System

The FAA publishes several free books on aircraft, flying, weather, and the airspace environment.   For an overview of basic systems and cockpit instruments, read the Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, the chapters on Aircraft Systems and on Flight Instruments. http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/pilot_handbook/ The above reference is basic, and fairly dated, although there are thousands of  aircraft still flying around wth the instruments covered in that book.  For a more modern guide to systems and avionics, try the Advanced Avionics Handbook, https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/advanced_avionics_handbook/ That book is also out of date, although it does cover more modern types of avionics like GPS navigation systems, for example. To learn about state-of-the art, you're probably best off just talking to the avionics manufacturers  themselves, as well as the various airplane manufacturers.  You can learn alot by poking around their websites. Here are a few avionics manufacturers that may be of interest: Rockwell Collins  https://www.rockwellcollins.com/Products_and_Systems.aspx Honeywell  https://aerospace.honeywell.com/products/integrated-avionics Garmin http://www.garmin.com/en-US/explore/intheair