The royal family history?

Yes. They are all descendants of William the Conqueror. They are from different dynasties...four of them, to be exact. Wales ceased to have a separate king in the 14th century. You can look these things up yourself, you know.

They are all related but they are of different Royal Houses. The current royals are related to Mary, Queen of Scots, through her mother Margaret, who was the sister of Henry VIII. During Mary, Queen of Scot's time, there were separate /Welsh and Scottish thrones. Mary, Queen of Scots was a Stewart. On the English throne, there was the House of Tudor--Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward Vi, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. The Stewarts and Tudors were related through marriage-- James V's mother was the aforementioned Margaret Tudor, so the Stewarts were also in line of succession to the English throne. Since Elizabeth I died childless, her cousin, James VI of Scotland became James I of England, and the first monarch of a very early version of a United Kingdom. When the Stewart line had only Catholics for heirs and the job of monarch required that the person be Anglican or Protestant, the Hanover cousins were bumped to the head of the line. Victoria was a Hanover. Prince of Wales is the title of the male heir to the throne of England or the United Kingdom. Being born the male heir helps with the decision.

For a long while, the monarchies of Scotland and England were separate. The monarchs were related, as monarchs of many other countries were related, owing to intermarriages between royal families. However, in the 16th century, Scotland was ruled by the House of Stuart and England by the House of Tudor. Because Henry VII Tudor's elder daughter Margaret married King James IV Stuart of Scotland, Queen Elizabeth I Tudor and Mary Queen of Scots were cousins. In 1603, Elizabeth I died leaving no heirs. She was succeeded by her cousin James VI Stuart, King of Scotland, who was the son of Mary Queen of Scots. Now, both Scotland and England were ruled by one person, and he was a Stuart. All of the monarchs since then have been descendants of James, even though the House name has changed a few times. For example, when Queen Anne Stuart died, she was succeeded by HER cousin George of Hanover, so the new ruler was of the House of Hanover. However, George was, like Anne, a great-grandson of James VI Stuart. Both Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II are also descendants of James VI Stuart, menaing that they are descendants of Henry VII Tudor and his ancestors of the House of Plantagenet. For a while after 1603, the monarchs technically ruled Scotland and England separately -- one person holding two crowns. The 1707 Acts of Union officially united them into one kingdom -- the United Kingdom. Ediut: Wales was annexed to England in the late 13th, early 14th centuries, when for all intents and purposes, the country ceased to be a separate and independent nation. The first Prince of Wales who was the eldest son and heir apparent of the King of England -- then Edward I -- was declared in 1301. That Prince eventually became King Edward II.

Mary Queen of Scots is the ancestor of Victoria, Elizabeth and Charles. She was the eldest surviving child of her predecessor. Mary was from the House of Stewart. Queen Victoria was from the House of Hannover, she was related to Mary through her father via a female line. Elizabeth II and Charles are from the House of Windsor, which is the name adopted by Victorias male line descendants that were resident in The UK in 1917. If the House and Family name had not been changed, then Elizabeth would be from the House of Saxe Coburg Gotha. Had Prince Philip, the husband of Elizabeth not adopted a surname when he renounced his Greek titles AND Elizabeth not issue Letters Patent confirming that she and her children were to be from The House and Family Windsor (1953 & 1960), then in practice Charles would be from the house of Gluksburg. Charles was created Prince of Wales as he is the Heir Apparent to the British Throne.

Royal families are complicated as they practiced inbreeding and endogarmy, so marrying similar social strata and close relatives. Mary Queen of Scots comes from the Scottish monarchy and her son became King James I of both England and Scotland as Elizabeth I has no children. Elizabeth I was an English monarch and prior to King James I the English and Scottish had separate monarchies. Queen Victoria is interesting as her father was one of several sons of George III and he was the only one who produced a legitimate heir who became Queen Victoria. The history of royalty is interesting in how one branch of the family rules or reigns and another misses out. But since they are all related in one way or another it only matters if you happen to be on the losing side, like King Richard III. Prince of Wales is title given to heir apparent to the monarch which is currently Prince Charles and until the laws were changed women couldn't hold the title. Read what wiki says about it as there is a lot of things with it.