How much of an insurance premium does the agent keep %?

Depends on the company. I work for a mutually owned company and can only get a max of 50% the first year. Brokerages can get huge commissions of 95%. What you should know, is all agents and brokers are independent contractors, and only get paid commission. We have to pay for everything on our own: equipment, office space, fee's, postage. My net is only about 30% of the premium the first year.

It also depends how good you are (I'm speaking of life, ltc, and disability here). Even if you only get 50% "commission", with higher levels of production, you will get bonuses up to and over 100%. Independent producers also vary with production. I used to support folks and assigned them a commission level based on how much they annoyed me and how much production they put through me. The gross is usually somewhere close to 140% to 120% first year (even with mutual companies), but your upline needs to get paid and you shouldn't expect anything near that unless you are doing over $100000 of premium with any one entity.