SCIENCE/PHYSICS QUESTION!!! Does the sun exert the same gravitational pull on the Earth as the Earth to Sun?

The sun's force on the Earth is 3.542 x 10^22 newtons. In response, the Earth accelerates by 0.00593 m/s^2. The Earth's force on the Sun is 3.542 x 10^22 newtons. In response, the Sun accelerates by 17.809 x 10^-9 m/s^2.

Yes indeed - if you consider gravity as a force (as Newton did) then the force applied by the Sun to the Earth is equal and opposite to the force applied by the Earth to the Sun. (ADDED: That force is defined by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation: F = GmM/r^2 - and it applies to both bodies equally). You could also say that the gravitational force that the Earth applies to the pencil in your hand is exactly the same force - in the opposite direction - as the force that the pencil applies to the entire Earth. That's how forces work. This slightly weird state of affairs is mitigated somewhat by the ideas that Einstein brought to the table in the early 20th century. His perception of gravity (which makes more sense and is more accurate) is that gravity is not a force, but a distortion in spacetime caused by the concentration of mass. Without going into the details of General Relativity, suffice it to say that his ideas are sort of beautiful and logical at the same time. ADDED (2): Nik B is therefore not correct - IF you treat gravity as a force. Any mechanical engineer will tell you that forces are applied equally to both objects experiencing the force. They simply have to be for a stable system, and that is described by Newton's Third Law. The beautiful part is - gravity is not a force (ref. Dr Einstein). So Nik B is correct for the wrong reason. I think I've been there before. It doesn't count as being correct.

Newton's third law has been mis-applied. The equal and opposite forces are what happens when a rocket fires and the propellant moves the body of the rocket whether other forces like Earth's gravity field are present or not. Nik B is right. Gravitational acceleration is determined by mass as stated in fundamental physics formula Force = mass x acceleration. The sun's mass is much greater than any planet because of its' mass. ALL of the planets, including Pluto, pull on the sun. This can be seen by holding the position of each planet in one location while the sun moves around the solar system center of mass, called the barycenter, in the following simulation. You can set how fast the simulation goes, and you can remove the planets one by one if you want to. I've downloaded the simulation many times. You'll probably want to play with the other simulations too. http://www.orbitsimulator.com/gravity/articles/ssbarycenter.html

Gravitional pull (as explained by Einstein) is directly related to the mass of an object. The Sun has a larger mass than the earth, and so exerts a greater gravitational pull

I believe the person before me may have applied Newton's 3rd law in the wrong scenario, but I may be wrong. The sun does exert a greater gravitational force on earth than earth exerts on the sun, my view being that the sun is massively more dense and has more mass, which would mean that it would have a stronger gravitation pull on objects around it then earth does (as can be seen by the planets orbiting the sun rather than the sun orbiting a planet). Although the planets around the sun, specifically Jupiter, do exert a gravitation pull on the sun which can be seen as a slight wobble.

Nik B is correct, the first person didn't apply the 3rd law correctly. The sun has a greater gravitational pull than the Earth. For example, you and the earth are "attracted" to one another, but you don't have as great a pull as the Earth does, otherwise everything would be attracted to you.