What are your views about Threat to Marine Ecology?

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Use Apo Island as an example case study of human impacts on a marine ecosystem. Distribute the Marine Ecosystem Critical Issues: Case Studies worksheet and read aloud the directions. Review the categories of information in the chart, making sure that students know what components of the case study they need to record. Explain that for Case Study #1: Apo Island, they will view a video and work together as a class to complete the chart. For Case Study #2: Galapagos Marine Reserve, they will review a written case study and work in small groups to complete the chart. Show students the video, “EcoTipping Point Success Stories: Apo Island” (6 minutes, 30 seconds) and have them take notes on their worksheets as they watch. After the video, discuss the information students recorded. Ask: •What happened as a result of Apo Islanders changing their fishing practices and establishing an MPA? •What do you think would have happened if they did not establish the MPA or change the way they used their island’s ocean resources? View the National Geographic video “Galapagos” to build background. Tell students that they will watch a short video (4 minutes, 30 seconds) to learn about the Galapagos Islands and the establishment of the Galapagos Marine Reserve. As they watch, focus their attention by telling them to look for examples of the case study information they will record in their charts. Tell them to think about the human impacts that threatened the habitat and organisms of the Galápagos and eventually led to the establishment of the MPA. Review the Galapagos Marine Reserve Case Study. After viewing the video, divide students into small groups and distribute copies of the handout Galápagos Marine Reserve Case Study. Have students read through the case study and complete the charts on their worksheets. Have groups share the information they recorded for each of the case study components in their charts. Next, ask students to brainstorm the human impacts (threats) that led to the creation of the Galapagos Marine Reserve as a MPA. Ask: Why did the Galapagos MPA need to be protected? List student responses on the board. Then ask students to recall the human impacts that led to the creation of Apo Island’s MPA. Draw a circle around the impacts that are the same as those threatening the Galapagos. Underline impacts that are different from those threatening the Galapagos. Lead a discussion about the similarities and differences between the two case studies, including the human impacts that threaten the balance and sustainability of their marine ecosystems. Have students reflect on what they have learned. Ask: •Based on the two case studies, what was done to address human-induced threats and restore balance in the marine ecosystems? •Do you think more could or should be done to protect the habitat and organisms of the Galapagos and Apo Island? Why or why not? •If the establishment of a MPA results in so many positive changes that benefit the people and the ocean, why are there not more MPAs throughout the world?

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