Details about forest and wildlife resources.?

Hi, http://www.forest.nsw.gov.au Go to the above link.

In the state of Maine away from the coast is doing well with forest harvesting and wildlife reintroduction[turkeys are thriving as well as moose]/On the coast river development is heating the rivers and access is at an all time low.So environment 1 humans0/Ken

about forest A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, a wooded area set aside for hunting). There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria.These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as animal habitats, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere. Although often thought of as carbon dioxide sinks, mature forests are approximately carbon neutral with only disturbed and young forests acting as carbon sinks Nonetheless mature forests do play an important role in the global carbon cycle as stable carbon pools, and clearance of forests leads to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Distribution Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree-line, except where natural fire frequency is too high, or where the environment has been impaired by natural processes or by human activities. As a general rule, forests dominated by angiosperms (broadleaf forests) are more species-rich than those dominated by gymnosperms (conifer, montane, or needleleaf forests), although exceptions exist (for example, species-poor aspen and birch stands in northern latitudes). Forests sometimes contain many tree species within a small area (as in tropical rain and temperate deciduous forests), or relatively few species over large areas (e.g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests). Forests are often home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. Much of this biomass occurs below-ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. The woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. Forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage: in a forest the branches and foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes within an area referred to as forest. A woodland has a more continuously open canopy, with trees spaced further apart, which allows more sunlight to penetrate to the ground between them (see also savanna). Among the major forested biomes are: rain forest (tropical and temperate) taiga temperate hardwood forest tropical dry forest Classification Forests can be classified in different ways and to different degrees of specificity. One such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). Another distinction is whether the forests composed predominantly of broadleaf trees, coniferous (needle-leaved) trees, or mixed. Boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous. Temperate zones support both broadleaf deciduous forests (e.g., temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen coniferous forests (e.g., Temperate coniferous forests and Temperate rainforests). Warm temperate zones support broadleaf evergreen forests, including laurel forests. Tropical and subtropical forests include tropical and subtropical moist forests, tropical and subtropical dry forests, and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests. Physiognomy classifies forests based on their overall physical structure or developmental stage (e.g. old growth vs. second growth). Forests can also be classified more specifically based on the climate and the dominant tree species present, resulting in numerous different forest types (e.g., ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest). A number of global forest classification systems have been proposed but none has gained universal acceptance.[4]UNEP-WCMC's forest category classification system is a simplification of other more complex systems (e.g. UNESCO's forest and woodland 'subformations'). This system divides the world's forest into 26 major types, which reflect climatic zones as well as the principal types of trees. These 26 major types can be reclassified into 6 broader categories: 1 - Temperate needleleaf Temperate needleleaf forests mostly occupy the higher latitude regions of the northern hemisphere, as well as high altitude zones and some warm temperate areas, especially on nutrient-poor or otherwise unfavourable soils. These forests are composed entirely, or nearly so, of coniferous species (Coniferophyta). In the Northern Hemisphere pines Pinus, spruces Picea, larches Larix, silver firs Abies, Douglas firs Pseudotsuga and hemlocks Tsuga, make up the canopy, but other taxa are also important. In the southern hemisphere most coniferous trees, members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae, occur in mixtures with broadleaf species that are classed as broadleaf and mixed forests. 2 - Temperate broadleaf and mixed Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests include a substantial component of trees in the Anthophyta. They are generally characteristic of the warmer temperate latitudes, but extend to cool temperate ones, particularly in the southern hemisphere. They include such forest types as the mixed deciduous forests of the USA and their counterparts in China and Japan, the broadleaf evergreen rain forests of Japan, Chile and Tasmania, the sclerophyllous forests of Australia, the Mediterranean and California, and the southern beech Nothofagus forests of Chile and New Zealand. 4 - Tropical moist Tropical moist forests include many different forest types. The best known and most extensive are the lowland evergreen broadleaf rainforests include, for example: the seasonally inundated varzea and igapó forests and the terra firme forests of the Amazon Basin; the peat forests and moist dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia; and the high forests of the Congo Basin. The forests of tropical mountains are also included in this broad category, generally divided into upper and lower montane formations on the basis of their physiognomy, which varies with altitude. The montane forests include cloud forest, those forests at middle to high altitude, which derive a significant part of their water budget from cloud, and support a rich abundance of vascular and nonvascular epiphytes. Mangrove forests also fall within this broad category, as do most of the tropical coniferous forests of Central America. 4 - Tropical dry Tropical dry forests are characteristic of areas in the tropics affected by seasonal drought. The seasonality of rainfall is usually reflected in the deciduousness of the forest canopy, with most trees being leafless for several months of the year. However, under some conditions, e.g. less fertile soils or less predictable drought regimes, the proportion of evergreen species increases and the forests are characterised as "sclerophyllous". Thorn forest, a dense forest of low stature with a high frequency of thorny or spiny species, is found where drought is prolonged, and especially where grazing animals are plentiful. On very poor soils, and especially where fire is a recurrent phenomenon, woody savannas develop (see 'sparse trees and parkland'). 5 - Sparse trees and parkland Sparse trees and parkland are forests with open canopies of 10-30% crown cover. They occur principally in areas of transition from forested to non-forested landscapes. The two major zones in which these ecosystems occur are in the boreal region and in the seasonally dry tropics. At high latitudes, north of the main zone of boreal forest or taiga, growing conditions are not adequate to maintain a continuous closed forest cover, so tree cover is both sparse and discontinuous. This vegetation is variously called open taiga, open lichen woodland, and forest tundra. It is species-poor, has high bryophyte cover, and is frequently affected by fire. 6 - Forest Plantations Forest plantations, generally intended for the production of timber and pulpwood increase the total area of forest worldwide. Commonly mono-specific and/or composed of introduced tree species, these ecosystems are not generally important as habitat for native biodiversity. However, they can be managed in ways that enhance their biodiversity protection functions and they are important providers of ecosystem services such as maintaining nutrient capital, protecting watersheds and soil structure as well as storing carbon. They may also play an important role in alleviating pressure on natural forests for timber and fuelwood production. 26 forest categories are used to enable the translation of forest types from national and regional classification systems to a harmonised global one: Temperate and boreal forest types: 1 Evergreen needleleaf forest - Natural forest with > 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly (> 75%) needleleaf and evergreen. 2 Deciduous needleleaf forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly (> 75%) needleleaf and deciduous. 3 Mixed broadleaf/needleleaf forest - Natural forest with > 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is composed of a more or less even mixture of needleleaf and broadleaf crowns (between 50:50% and 25:75%). 4 Broadleaf evergreen forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, the canopy being > 75% evergreen and broadleaf. 5 Deciduous broadleaf forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, in which > 75% of the canopy is deciduous and broadleaves predominate (> 75% of canopy cover). 6 Freshwater swamp forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, composed of trees with any mixture of leaf type and seasonality, but in which the predominant environmental characteristic is a waterlogged soil. 7 Sclerophyllous dry forest - Natural forest with > 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is mainly composed of sclerophyllous broadleaves and is > 75% evergreen. 8 Disturbed natural forest - Any forest type above that has in its interior significant areas of disturbance by people, including clearing, felling for wood extraction, anthropogenic fires, road construction, etc. 9 Sparse trees and parkland - Natural forests in which the tree canopy cover is between 10-30%, such as in the steppe regions of the world. Trees of any type (e.g., needleleaf, broadleaf, palms). 10 Exotic species plantation - Intensively managed forests with > 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species not naturally occurring in that country. 11 Native species plantation - Intensively managed forests with > 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species that occur naturally in that country. 12 *Unspecified forest plantation - Forest plantations showing extent only with no further information about their type, This data currently only refers to the Ukraine. 13 *Unclassified forest data - Forest data showing forest extent only with no further information about their type. Tropical forest types: 14 Lowland evergreen broadleaf rain forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude that display little or no seasonality, the canopy being >75% evergreen broadleaf. 15 Lower montane forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, between 1200-1800m altitude, with any seasonality regime and leaf type mixture. 16 Upper montane forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, above 1800m altitude, with any seasonality regime and leaf type mixture. 17 Freshwater swamp forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude, composed of trees with any mixture of leaf type and seasonality, but in which the predominant environmental characteristic is a waterlogged soil. 18 Semi-evergreen moist broadleaf forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude in which between 50-75% of the canopy is evergreen, > 75% are broadleaves, and the trees display seasonality of flowering and fruiting. 19 Mixed broadleaf/needleleaf forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude, in which the canopy is composed of a more or less even mixture of needleleaf and broadleaf crowns (between 50:50% and 25:75%). 20 Needleleaf forest - Natural forest with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude, in which the canopy is predominantly (> 75%) needleleaf. 21 Mangroves - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, composed of species of mangrove tree, generally along coasts in or near brackish or salt water. 22 Disturbed natural forest - Any forest type above that has in its interior significant areas of disturbance by people, including clearing, felling for wood extraction, anthropogenic fires, road construction, etc. 23 Deciduous/semi-deciduous broadleaf forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude in which between 50-100% of the canopy is deciduous and broadleaves predominate (> 75% of canopy cover). 24 Sclerophyllous dry forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude, in which the canopy is mainly composed of sclerophyllous broadleaves and is > 75% evergreen. 25 Thorn forest - Natural forests with > 30% canopy cover, below 1200m altitude, in which the canopy is mainly composed of deciduous trees with thorns and succulent phanerophytes with thorns may be frequent. 26 Sparse trees and parkland - Natural forests in which the tree canopy cover is between 10-30%, such as in the savannah regions of the world. Trees of any type (e.g., needleleaf, broadleaf, palms). 27 Exotic species plantation - Intensively managed forests with > 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species not naturally occurring in that country. 28 Native species plantation - Intensively managed forests with > 30% canopy cover, which have been planted by people with species that occur naturally in that country. 12* and 13* have been created as a result of data holdings which do not specify the forest type, hence 26 categories are quoted, not 28 shown here. Forest management and Forest loss The scientific study of forest species and their interaction with the environment is referred to as forest ecology, while the management of forests is often referred to as forestry. Forest management has changed considerably over the last few centuries, with rapid changes from the 1980's onwards culminating in a practice now referred to as sustainable forest management. Forest ecologists concentrate on forest patterns and processes, usually with the aim of elucidating cause and effect relationships. Foresters who practice sustainable forest management focus on the integration of ecological, social and economic values, often in consultation with local communities and other stakeholders. Anthropogenic factors that can affect forests include logging, human-caused forest fires, acid rain, and introduced species, among other things. There are also many natural factors that can also cause changes in forests over time including forest fires, insects, diseases, weather, competition between species, etc. In 1997, the World Resources Institute recorded that only 20% of the world's original forests remained in large intact tracts of undisturbed forest [6]. More than 75% of these intact forests lie in three countries - the Boreal forests of Russia and Canada and the rainforest of Brazil. In 2006 this information on intact forests was updated using latest available satellite imagery. Canada has about 402 million hectares of forest land. More than 90% of forest land is publicly owned and about 50% of the total forest area is allocated for harvesting. These allocated areas are managed using the principles of sustainable forest management, which includes extensive consultation with local stakeholders. About eight percent of Canada’s forest is legally protected from resource development (Global Forest Watch Canada)(Natural Resources Canada). Much more forest land — about 40 percent of the total forest land base — is subject to varying degrees of protection through processes such as integrated land-use planning or defined management areas such as certified forests (Natural Resources Canada). By December 2006, over 1,237,000 square kilometres of forest land in Canada (about half the global total) had been certified as being sustainably managed (Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition). Clearcutting is usually the harvest method of choice and companies are required by law to ensure that harvested areas are adequately regenerated. Most Canadian provinces have regulations limiting the size of clearcuts, although some older clearcuts can range upwards of 11,000 hectares (20,000 acres) in size which were cut over several years. In the United States, most forests have historically been affected by humans to some degree, though in recent years improved forestry practices has helped regulate or moderate large scale or severe impacts. However the United States Forest Service estimates that every year about 1.5 million acres (6,000 km²) of the nation’s 750 million acres (3,000,000 km²) of forestland is lost to urban sprawl and development. It is expected that the South alone will lose 20 to 25 million acres (80,000 to 100,000 km²) to development. Globally two types of forests can be identified: Natural and Anthropogenic (citation required). Natural forests contain only the original patterns of biodiversity. the native species occurring in established seral patterns. These formations and processes have not been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns Anthropogenic forests have been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns. Often, they contain elements of exotic

that is a very vague question what kind of details i will give you something THE BIGGEST RESOURCE ,WITH THE BIGGEST FINANCIAL GAINS THAT BENEFITS BOTH NATURE AND THE RESIDENT PEOPLE is nature itself and the concept of ECO TOURISM, keeping nature intact and protecting it , people will say wood ,and there is medecines ,but nothing will beat the above ,trees sold for wood give a single return and the next time maybe 20 years down the line eco tourism is an on going income and it is a growing industry, But time is running out ,and if we are not quick so will Nature first exstinction ,then deforestation of the earth's estimated 10 million species, 300,000 have vanished in the past 50 years. each years, 3,000 to 30,000 species become extinct. a lot of human activity is speeding that up since we tend to overpower all the other species in one way or another. some reasons why animals are being wiped out ,in the forrests are: the hunting of exotic species for the consumer market only about 10% of the animals caught survive the hunting of animals for food by settlers and the Animals will continue to be trapped ,as long as people keep buying the exotic animals And now many animals are becoming sick because of changes in temperature , vital links in the food chains are disapearing affecting other species further along in the chain 90% of the feral (wild) bee population in the United States has died ouT,mainly because of a parasitic mite that is now spreading into the wild bee populations In the Netherlands bee diversity is down 80 percent in the sites researched, "bee species are declining or have become extinct in Britain." numbers of wildflowers that depend on pollination have dropped by 70 percent. If bees continue to die off so would the crops they support and with that would ensue major economic disruption and possibly famine. Bees are not the only polinators but if these things are happening to bees we can bet on it that other insects are also in trouble ,on top of this many people are spraying for mosquitos ,with drastic effects . so much follows the insects in the food chains ,that we can expect a lot of very bad changes in the environment . only time will tell what is in store for us ,and that time is running now . everything is happening so fast it is not possible to monitor events any more but the biggest killer of wild life is the loss of Habitat .forrest fires ,that have started because of slash and burning of forrest ,to clear the land for farming, had gotten out of control expanding populations and expanding farming ,that has to keep pace with the expanding populations are very strong forces that encroach upon the rainforest's clearing them for farming and settlement areas . that and the giant networks of roads that have exchanged forests for asphalt all over the planet --------------------------------------... CAN DEFORESTATION BE STOPPED Almost impossible we must look for ways to improve economic situations on the edges of Nature . the only way to preserve the forrest is to devellop eco tourism under strict control that has limited acces ,and use the local people in the concept as guides ,hotel staff and get them to start home industries of artifacts . eco tourism is the only concept that profits by a healthy back ground with out harming it ------------------------------... trees are coming down all the time , in My town trucks loaded with huge logs of exotic timber leave the mountains with permits bought from corrupt oficials almost nightly we can only guess at the exact amount but from my house we can see many bare patches on the mountains and the river is constantly muddy in the last 3 years ,because topsoils, without the protection of the forrests , is washed into the rivers , this is just one place and this is happening all over Mexico ,the Market for the wood being the USA. the Indians or local people would cut everything down and burn the forrest to replace it with harmfull short term farming killing the soil in no time In Mexico is a famous jungle that the Media has been trying to save for years the Naturists ,and the government ,keep watch .laws are made for protection the wild and to forbid logging. TV put out a series of documentaries there are campaigns in the News papers and all of this has not made the slightest difference Rainforest's always are in third world countries and always in third world countries corruption and the need for money s highest the jungle gets smaller by the day more and more farmers move in .and burn the trees it is an impossible situation as long as there is poverty and an increasing birth rate in these regions the destruction will continue REFORRESTATION we must reforrest and at the same time reduce our carbon emissions. most governments are aware of these and many first world countries now include programs to reduce their carbon emissions. the world bank pays large subsidies for farmers to plant trees especially a tree called Paulownia elongate carolinia,because it is one of the better ones that capture carbon. IN THE PAST the sahara used to be forrests arabia ,irak ,iran used to be fertile lands in biblical times Ghengas Kahn burned all the forrests here and filled the well with water and so turning vast lands into dessert. the Spanish Armada deforested Spain .the Phoenician fleet deforested Lebanon Madagascar a botanic paradise is now destroyed the exotic animals sold or killed ,the forest slash and burned for agriculture ,the coastal water poluted by topsoils washed fronm the denuded moutains by the rains. many many countries in Africa (because of poverty and war as well as greedy farming ) Borneo because of the expensive timber india ,China ,Mexico ,South Americas Amazonia, Europe because of civilization,USA,Japan because of overpopulation, NOTE 1000 trees that are replanted do not come anywhere near as producing the same effect or fullfilling the same function ,as far as carbon absorbtion ,production of humidity,climatic effects as the absorbtion or release of heat ,as ONE SINGLE FULLY GROWN TREE. people keep saying we are good we cut down a thousand trees and replanted 20 thousand more This means nothing in terms of environmental effects. it takes at least 10 to 20 years before one of these replanted trees makes the same impact as the ones that are removed

Did you know that one acre of woodland produces enough oxygen to keep 13 people alive for a day? (Have to research how much of the Earth's surface is wooded) Or how 'bout the 12 million barrels of oil used every YEAR to produce 100 billion plastic grocery bags, which we use once or twice and then toss in the landfill, where they take centuries to decompose? Remember to tell the bagger at your grocery store that you want paper bags, not plastic. The trees we take to make paper bags will regrow several times before the plastic bag disintegrates or the oil used to make it replenishes. And if we're not using the oil to make plastic bags that last nearly forever, the oil companies can use it to make gasoline and the price can go down. 12 million barrels of oil makes 9,828,000,000 GALLONS OF GAS!

Can you be more specific in your question? There is a plethora of details when generally discussing this issue.

stop cutting down the trees,one acre of hemp can produce as much pulp as 4 acres of forest.all this in just one season.2 harvests in some states.It takes 100s of years to grow trees.soon there will be no more forests,all the damn logging companys suck, all they want is the $$ they dont care about the inviroment. hemp can save the world.