What are some good search engines to do scientific research?

What is an application of machine learning, and how is it used, that is not one of the following: social media, search engines, bioinformatics, neuroscience, research at CERN, actuarial science and recommendation systems?

• Also, please be concrete ; "computer vision" is not allowed, but "detection of landmines from satellites" is.

• Answer:

  This is an incredibly broad question. Essentially any area where prediction, clustering, classification, etc... would be helpful is a viable use case. For the sake of diversity here are a few options but I want to emphasize that there are an incredible amount of options here: --IBM's Smarter Planet initiative uses it to predict traffic patterns and work with city planning, guide healthcare initiatives, flight safety and to help in crime prevention. --Many companies use it for anomaly detection (anti-hacking) or catching fraud (nearly every e-commerce solution as well as banks and credit card companies). --High-frequency trading and algorithmic trading in general --Increasing Internet of Things applications including predicting machine failure, smart grid technology, efficiency systems (Nest), and countless more automation here. --Figuring out where to place your resources, including your trucks around a city waiting for service calls --Predicting complications in patients in hospitals before they happen and identifying risk for any given patient --Facial recognition for authorities and similar --etc... etc... I'm sure there are tons of sports applications and thousands of others, it's an incredibly rich field. I suspect the reason things are vague is because a combination of (1) a lack of understanding by authors and (2) even a list like the above is somewhat weak when compared to the overall possibilities, which are using it on nearly any repeatable task in the world in automation / predictive / business information settings.