How is Hebrew similar to Arabic?

Handwriting: How did pre-modern Arabic and Hebrew writers keep from smudging their writing?

  • Old Japanese and Chinese were written with a pointed brush held nearly vertically, top to bottom and right to left, which kept the writing from smudging. Lefties in European languages which go from left to write smudge a lot unless they adopt some hacks. What do Arabic and Hebrew writers do? What made it plausible and possible to write from right to left?

  • Answer:

    Hebrew writers do smudge their hands or hold their pens carefully to position their hands below the text. I assume Arabic scribes use similar positions. The expert scribes are very careful and produce beautiful scripts that look artistic even if you cannot read them. Regular people who write in these languages simply adopt a pen hold that avoids the smudges much like left-handed people write in European languages by holding the pen, or bending the wrist above or below the text to avoid the smudge. Now, for the related question -- why did these language start right to left, when it seems much easier to prevent smudges if you write left to right.  My theory is that the language originated as a carved language -- thus you'd use hammer and chisel.  . It's easier to chisel when you start from the right and move to the left. Once the languages of the Levant, such as Hebrew, Arabic and others became scribed, not carved -- they adopted wavy, curvy letters. But they did not adopt the left to right direction. (I'm not sure why.) Whereas languages that started off as ink on paper/papyrus probably started off left to right in the first place. Does this make sense? I think so, but if you know this to be true or false, let me know, since I've always been puzzled by this too.

Gil Yehuda at Quora Visit the source

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Other answers

I do Arabic calligraphy as a hobby, so the answer stems from my limited experience. The difficulty of avoiding smudging is a function of the font size or the width of the brush or if you want to go more original, the width of the qalam cut. When you write Arabic scripts with small brush size, the movement is confined within the range of your fingers. Your index finger, middle finger and thumb do the writing job, while your ring finger and little finger with the lower lateral part of your hand touching the paper do the support.  And because the font size is small, you have a considerable white-space between the script and your hand support system, and hence smudging is not an issue here. As the font size grows, your wrist starts moving with the contours of letters. At this point, it's very risky to support your hand on the paper without smudging what you already wrote, so you need to find a  vacant area on the canvas to support your hand, which may be very difficult sometimes, namely when you're doing intertwined complex artworks.  Sometimes you need to suspend your hand and continue writing so you avoid smudging the wet scripts that you already wrote. This is very difficult and takes years to master (that's why i quit calligraphy for product management :) ). You need to learn to maintain a steady hand without supporting it by anything. This video shows an example of a steady hand:

Adel Shehadeh

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