I am a CS undergraduate and just got recruited by Microsoft-India Development center. I want to settle in USA . Will Microsoft convert this job offer to a job at Microsoft - headquarters in Seattle, USA? If yes, How long will i have to wait?

Posting this answer due to a specific request: I was an American citizen and resided in the US when hired by Microsoft, and it was also some time ago (almost 20 years) so my experience tells me very little about moving from India to the US with Microsoft in specific. But, I would strongly suspect that your recruiter would be able to give you this information, or the Human Resources people if there are specific waiting requirements. Likely they will not convert the job offer, as they probably wanted you for the dev team in India, but if there is someday a need for you in Seattle they might easily offer you something there.

I worked in Microsoft China for 5 years, and I believe the experience is similar to that in India. The situation is that many employees want to move to headquarter. That is the goal for them to join Microsoft (or other US companies) at the first place. The company policy was open for that several years ago. Later on management team found out that it is very difficult to grow up the local team. When an employee becomes senior, he prefers to move. The local team remains relatively young. Then the policy changes. For those who joined company less than X years, their applications for positions overseas require manager's approval. I guess India office has more or less the same situation. You need first to understand the policy, and then fight for internal interview.

I'm not sure if they'll convert the job offer. It depends on the job. But once you're in the system, I believe there will be opportunities for you to make the move to Seattle in your position or by applying for another open position.

no , they won't . MS IDC policy is that you are eligible  to move to a  different geography after 2 years. After a minimum of two years you can find openings through internal job postings and apply for particular positions in different geographical location. The exact rules ( which team you can apply , how long you have to complete the process etc ) depend on your specific org

They might! What I would do is join the company in that branch, and then once you're with the company for a little bit you can more easily move.