Assume that I am an inventor. I have invented a new addition to my bicycle, say I have added an electric motor. OR I have invented a new fuel for my bike. What is the legal procedure to use the vehicle for personal use?

In India, the only nodal agency for approving a road-legal vehicle is ARAI, Pune. They have several standards (including those for electrical vehicles) that one needs to conform to. Even, the really slow electric scooters (with a top speed of 25kmph) needed a bunch of certifications from ARAI. Why is certification important? Well, if your vehicle goes faster than a set speed (25kmph) then you need to register the vehicle with the local transport authorities (the same stuff that you do with your regular vehicles). These guys have a list of vehicles approved by ARAI, and only if your vehicle falls within that list, will they approve your vehicle. You can of course, decide to not do that ;) If your vehicle is slower than 25kmph, then I believe, that you need not go for certification but you cannot sell those. Certification meanwhile, is no cheap effort. It can end up costing anywhere between 10-30L, 3-4 months and multiple trips to the ARAI office in Pune - and hence is not worth the effort for individual innovators. If it's a new fuel, then you may have even higher list of standards including those of emissions, which (from I hear) are a real PIA :) If electric is what catches your fancy, then you may want to check the following standards: AIS003, AIS040, AIS041, AIS048, AIS004 and AIS078. All the best!