Why do so few books, cinema classes and film reviews acknowledge or discuss what appears to be Martin Scorsese's sexual obsession with African-American women?
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Edited to add clarification because an attempt was made today to vandalize the question: A Caucasian male friend who has known Scorsese since 1973 asked me to post this question, since he is well into his seventies and "I am clueless about the internet. But this Quora sounds interesting." He has declined to join Quora, which is what I was discussing with him at the time - he says "no time" (which in hindsight is probably wise) - but he asked me as an African-American woman (he says otherwise he would have felt uneasy bringing up the question) to discuss the following question, to which, according this person, Mr. Scorsese admits when around close male friends, but will not discuss with outsiders. You may disagree or be made uncomfortable by the possibility your director idol, like Tarantino, Penn and many other white male film directors, is sexually attracted to black women, but your racism or discomfort do not give you permission to disable or vandalize Quora questions. Disclaimer ends. Martin Scorsese is well-documented for having depicted women in iconic scenes, roles and ways in his films. There have been many books written, classes taught, and reviews written about the ways in which he's shown women. In each case, though, it's white women these examples mention. There is an entire filmography of Scorsese's depictions of black American women, however, that until now in the open has not been mentioned or discussed. Overview: Scorsese seems to exhibit a somewhat closeted sexual attraction to African-American females. Guilt, fear, and punishment are often close themes to this depicted desire. He has made no secret of his centrality to it. The most overt example is of Charlie Cappa, played by Harvey Keitel in Mean Streets, openly desiring and in fact asking a date of Diane the black stripper, played by 1970 Playboy playmate Jeannie Bell. Charlie lusts for Diane and admits it to himself in narration. However, when it comes down to meeting her for their Chinese restaurant date, he instructs the cabbie taking him there to just slowly pass by her, then drive away, standing her up. His reasoning, again in narration, is, "What would my friends think if they saw me with some molinyana (Italian pejorative slang for black woman)? That's the last thing I need, for them to catch me with some molinyana." This in itself is unremarkable: However: Scorsese himself not only performed all the narration for this character's desires and thoughts, and in fact, rather strangely for this director, firmly and outright prohibited Keitel from doing so instead, the character itself was written as autobiographical. Charlie is a former seminary student and so was Martin Scorsese. Charlie, aspiring to early hoodism, curiously sells hot film equipment -- Japanese and German movie camera adapters -- instead of the far more valuable commodities you might expect. Charlie is short for "Charles": the first name of Scorsese's real life father. Cappa is his mother Catherine's surname. Is this coincidence? And in that film, there are many more similarities between the two men, creator and created. In later films, like Taxi Driver, Scorsese directs black women in relentlessly sexual depictions: we're whores giving blowjobs in the backs of cabs (and notably only to men as white as Scorsese himself, never to black or other races of men), and street hoodrats prancing around in shimmering hot-pants and tight halter tops with our brown boobs nearly falling out of them. This is fine and again doesn't offend me at all. But to me the most overt scene depicting an autobiographical etude of sexual longing for African-American women in any of his films is the "Late For The Sky" or "American Bandstand" scene in Taxi Driver. It's widely considered one of the most famous scenes in the film. In it, Travis Bickle, whom Scorsese has also referred to as an autobiographical character in many ways, is shown alone in his apartment watching a TV dance show in which a young black couple are slow cinched together. Watch what Travis Bickle does watching this scene. The key elements here are: Jealousy - Travis is openly, visibly envious of the black man seen slow dancing with this anonymous girl. Why? Aren't black girls molinyanas, and blacks in general "niggers"? Why this sudden shift in characterization? Possessiveness - Travis seems to begin thinking this woman, or someone like her, should be his, and HOW DARE THAT BLACK HAVE HER. Despair - Travis switches from homicidal thoughts to clearly what appear to be suicidal ones. He places the pistol to his own head. Compare: The above is Martin Scorsese in the exact chair in which De Niro was seated in the scene, and holding the exact same firearm. Scorsese has personally photographically mimicked NO OTHER CHARACTER, SCENE OR EVENT FROM ANY OF THE OTHER FILMS HE HAS EVER MADE. But seeing the black man not with a white woman in the dancing scene but a black woman seems to have led Travis to such sad despair he's forgotten his hatred of mankind and now seems to hate himself -- and to the point he considers self-annihilation. He changes his mind at last second and instead removes the problem itself: kicking the television set over destroying it -- but you see my point. There's a clear trajectory here: Alone + see black woman possessed by black man + suicidal despair = anger and violence. The killing spree shortly ensues. It didn't have to be a black girl in the scene. Yet it was. Nothing in a motion picture is random. They're too expensive to make. All you see in a director's films is planned. But why would a white man, watching a black couple on television, and focused almost entirely on the female half of that couple, be led to thoughts of suicide by what he sees? a) Do you see what appears to be a certain infatuation with black women on Scorsese's part, even if you personally feel it is vague? (As a black woman and director I on the other hand find it to be overt.) b) When contrasted to his characters' desire for white women, would you agree with me in depictions of their desire for black women, the latter is depicted in a subtler, sneakier manner, as though their creator is afraid of saying something completely openly or "this getting out"? But yet it's enough of an urge he cannot suppress it? c) Do you have any thoughts or ideas on why something this, in my opinion, spectacularly visually and cinematically OBVIOUS has not yet been given a thorough academic treatment by any reputable sources? If a white male director depicted Asian-American women in the above ways, so consistently, it would have been noticed by now. So why hasn't this? Do you agree something is there?
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Answer:
Having carefully reviewed all of your examples, having seen each of the films cited in the original question at least several times and recalling those very scenes, I would answer the question " Why do so few books, cinema classes and film reviews acknowledge or discuss what appears to be Martin Scorses's sexual obsession with African-American women?" with the answer: There are none because the entire theory is unfounded and baseless. It would seem to me less a matter of agreement or disagreement. If you were to ask "why is there no documented analysis of Martin Scorsese's obsession with Italian food", you'd at least have some valid point of reference as Italian food appears in some of his movies due to his upbringing, the context of the film and his appreciation of Italian cuisine. In the case of this excessive and presumptive question, it's like looking for something that is simply not there. I can't believe I responded to this one against every instinct not to.
Mark Geller at Quora Visit the source
Other answers
In a cursory search of Google Scholar, I have not found an article specifically looking at Martin Scorsese's depictions of African-American women in his films. However, I only looked for half an hour and may not yet have found the best search terms to use (Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues is a significant spoiler in the results, though it is also a significant source of representations of African-American women in his work). The academic version of Rule 34 (if it exists, there is porn of it) is if it exists, there is a thesis on it. I imagine that pop culture studies will catch up and thoroughly cover the complete works of Martin Scorsese from every conceivable angle, including those of race, gender, and sexual themes. I am actually surprised that I didn't find at least one article or chapter of a book on this subject in the time I took to search. The Scorsese biographies that I saw in my search are written by white men, who may perhaps lack the interest or perspective to see race or gender issues in such relief. Scholars in the fields of African-American Studies and Women's Studies would have the perspective but maybe are not as interested in the work of Martin Scorsese as they are in other filmmakers. I don't think it is a deliberate avoidance of the subject as much as an area that has not yet been thoroughly looked at yet.
Emily Smith
I think the most straight forward answer I can give you is that Martin Scorsese is not sexually obsessed with black women. Sure, there are black prostitutes in Taxi Driver, but all of the female characters in that movie are prostitutes save one campaign worker. I honestly think you, the person asking the question, are looking for things that simply aren't there. Plus, Scorsese didn't write the script to either Mean Streets or to Taxi Driver. Your question is almost offensive in how assumptive it is.
Patrick Michael Ignatius Pottorff
Martin Scorsese is a director, not a screenwriter. Scorsese didn't write the screenplay to Taxi Driver, it's not his autobiography. Paul Schrader, the screenwriter who came up with the story to Taxi Driver on his own, said that Taxi Driver was "his" (Paul Schrader's) movie, and that The Last Temptation of Christ was Scorsese's most personal film. In fact, some of the African American characters in Taxi Driver's script are toned down somewhat by Scorsese. So, no, I don't agree that something is there with Taxi Driver. With Mean Streets, however, Scorsese has more say in the writing. The naming of characters could be to prevent a lawsuit, but you may be onto something. Of the Scorsese films I've seen, there are very few African American women. Age of Innocence, which he partly wrote, seems to have none. I can't remember much in the way of non-Italian minorities in Goodfellas or Casino, two others he helped to pen. The films he chose to direct from the pens of others, like Hugo, don't seem to show this obsession at all.
Vasco de Sousa
I am a resident Indian, and my understanding of American culture or society is no more than second hand. Yet, I believe that I understand the mind of an American man fairly well where sexuality is concerned. In part, this is due to my strong urge to explore and find out more, even in areas that are considered off limits in civil society. Among other things, I have explored the underbelly of the Internet - the shady chat rooms and the porn sites. Nothing offers a better understanding of male fantasies than those. Amendment: But regardless of what someone's actual personal inclinations may be, these are normally left implied or to be inferred. They are seldom stated explicitly. One doesn't exactly advertise fantasies of that nature, especially when it is seen to be negative publicity from some prevalent socio-cultural angle. <End Amendment> Dark skinned women are considered exotic by white American men of any European origin. And by dark, I mean the ones with golden coffee colored skin, not the pure Afro black types. So is the tightly kinky Afro hair. All you need to do is to take a look at any of these so called Interracial sites and observe what they accentuate. And yet, some deeply embedded social bias about mixed couples probably still prevails, so they would not admit to such attractions very openly. In my view, it is seen as a taboo subject. The US is a melting pot and largely free of obvious racial bias in the contemporary world. Yet, a free and frank discussion of all the uncomfortable issues it involves is still not quite on the cards. Even what I say here has an element of uncomfortable directness about it, and I wouldn't be very surprised if this answer gets downvoted. But if you think I have tried to give an honest answer which addresses even a part of this question, I would have done my job. Uncomfortable issues have never bothered me. But bias sure does.
Som Bhatta
(Disclaimer: I am not American and everything I talk about here is based on my readings, not first hand experience.)My first step would be to state that although Scorsese provocatively visually aligns himself with Travis in promotional photos and has also placed himself prominently within the narrative as a jealous, racist husband, he and Travis cannot be equated â Travisâs actions and thoughts cannot be taken to represent Scorseseâs, especially when examined on a superficial level.I have made the argument before that many of Scorseseâs movies visualize an American unconscious in which the tensions brought on by immigration and nativism are acted out. Prominent and noted examples are his treatments on the Italian and Irish Americans, which I would posit as the in-group that Scorsese either belongs to or strongly identifies with. On the other hand, there are the âothersâ, seen either as exotic temptresses or hostile competitors. I would argue that Scorsese takes on an uncomfortable middle perspective, between his status as a descendant of Catholic Italian immigrants (themselves marginalized) and a white mainstream that his group has been more and more assimilated into, necessitating a detachment from groups less smoothly assimilable (due to, for example, skin color). âTaxi Driverâ has to be read in the context of its time: People were dealing with the aftermath of the Vietnam War (and the loss of belief in the rightness of military actions) and the Civil Rights Movement, womenâs liberation and the subsequent erosion of the nuclear family and traditional gender roles, in addition to an improved integration of African Americans into civil society on the one hand (as exemplified by the black couples now admitted onto American Bandstand) while at the same time white flight led to a renewed segregation and clustering of African Americans in inner cities that were increasingly seen as dangerous.Scorsese points out how white femininity is fetishized (see Travisâs infatuation with Betsy and the way she is depicted/lighted within the film or the replica of the Venus of Milo that is juxtaposed with the porn cinema cashier, described in the script as âplain and dumpy-lookingâ), how the denigration of blackness is bigott in light of the obvious sexual attraction that exists because and in spite of bodily difference and senses of decorum (see the scene in the porn cinema in which Betsy flees from the depiction of mixed-race group sex that has, until now, been perfectly fine for Travis to consume â only after experiencing her white middle-class shock and revulsion does Travis understand that thereâs something, ambiguously, âwrongâ) and how white masculinity has been a dangerous force in the history of America, once glorified as the driving power behind American exceptionalism but in actuality the source of the many unnecessary military conflicts the US has been embroiled in.Basically, I would argue that all that fetishization you see has been done on purpose and with critical intent. While Scorsese may have tried to work out his own conflicting emotions (about the state of the country, New York City, race relations, his Catholicism,â¦), what he has produced is ultimately a critical work of art.(I have written a term paper about this and have also noticed the dearth of scholarly literature on Scorseseâs depictions of African Americans. At the time, I concluded that scholars must have thought that there is simply not enough to it and that the prominent sexual attraction can be sufficiently explained through Scorseseâs religion and the rigid social structure of Italian American communities. I would argue on the other hand that, even though they often only appear in a subtext, the African American experience lies at the core of many of his deliberations on immigration, especially due to the fact that they are the largest, involuntary immigration group.)
Anonymous
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