What might have happened if the Munich agreement had never been signed?

If there had been no Munich agreement, Germany would have gone to war against Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia had strong fortifications in the Sutenland and defense  treaties with France, UK and the Soviet Union. These allies may not have fully defended Czechoslovakia, but the war would  have been more costly to Germany and to Hitler's popularity.  As mentioned by  , the German generals were against the war, and were plotting to overthrow Hitler: General https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Halder, sympathized with Beck and they both conspired with several top generals to arrest Hitler the moment he gave the invasion order. However, the plan would only work if Britain issued a strong warning and a letter to the effect that they would fight to preserve Czechoslovakia. This would help to convince the German people that certain defeat awaited Germany. Agents were therefore sent to England to tell Chamberlain that an attack on Czechoslovakia was planned, and of their intention to overthrow Hitler if this occurred. However, the proposal was rejected by the British Cabinet and no such letter was issued. Accordingly, the proposed removal of Hitler did not go ahead. On this basis it has been argued that the Munich Agreement kept Hitler in power, although whether it would have been any more successful than the 1944 plot is doubtful. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement This plot would likely have succeeded, but regardless it would have made the takeover of Czechoslovakia more complicated. By getting Czechoslovakia for free, Hitler became much more popular, which made further actions (within Germany) against him more difficult. It also became more difficult for allies take a stand against Germany, so Germany was able to take over the rest of Czechoslovakia without consequence. Once one red line is abandoned, the other red lines become weaker as well. Even when Germany invaded Poland, France still hoped to avoid war with Germany. When the UK and France finally declared war, they did so little it was known as the "Phoney war". This resistance to taking action just pushed off the inevitable real war with Germany, which would happen in the end when Germany was in a much stronger position. By giving over the Sutenland, the Allies immediately gave away most of Czechoslovakia's fortifications and war industry. This soon led to the takeover of all of Czechoslovakia, which gave Germany enough weaponry to arm about "half of the then Wehrmacht". Democracy should have taken  a stand against her  enemy before it acquired more dangerous weapons. The Munch Agreement may also have changed the Soviet Union's plans: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin was also upset by the results of the Munich conference. The Soviets, who had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia, felt betrayed by France, who also had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia. The British and French, however, mostly used the Soviets as a threat to dangle over the Germans. Stalin concluded that the West had actively colluded with Hitler to hand over a Central European country to the Nazis, causing concern that they might do the same to the Soviet Union in the future, allowing the partition of the USSR between the western powers and the fascist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_powers. This belief led the Soviet Union to reorient its foreign policy towards a rapprochement with Germany, which eventually led to the signing of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact in 1939. The Munich agreement showed weakness against Hitler at a time when strength was needed.  This discouraged allies of the Democratic countries, weakened internal dissent against Hitler, emboldened Hitler for further conquest, and encouraged other countries to come to terms with Nazi Germany. The delay in action against Germany let it build up strength and made the eventual war much worse.

If there was no agreement there was going to be a coup against Hitler. During the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Crisis when the Britain and France were discussing the fate of Czechoslovakia the German Army were preparing for a coup.  Generals pretending to get ready for an invasion of Czechoslovakia actually positioned armored divisions near Berlin.  Lead by General Halder the military coup was going to strike by arresting the top Nazi leadership in one swoop.  The hope was to immediately execute Hitler and say he tried to escape because he was seen as too dangerous if left alive.  The uprising was set for September 14, 1938 and the army was going to strike at 8pm however on September 14 at 4pm just four hours before the coup Chamberlain announced he was flying in to see Hitler to make a deal.  Halder called off the coup because as he said “if Hitler had succeeded in his bluff, [Halder] would not be justified as Chief of Staff, in calling it”.  If Chamberlain had waited just one more day or actually stood up to Hitler, the German military would have deposed the Nazis to avoid what the generals thought would be a disastrous war. (Read: http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=Daxn4IOTqC4C&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq=%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9Cif+Hitler+had+succeeded+in+his+bluff%22&source=bl&ots=SyImtIgUvm&sig=XXS6c8XM6Bxe-N27yT0q66FtYqk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5OFQUfm_CIHUkwWzvYHgBw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9Cif%20Hitler%20had%20succeeded%20in%20his%20bluff%22&f=false) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Halder