What is the difference between internal command and external command in Linux?

How to run a command automatically in Linux Ubuntu?

• Hi, i recently installed Linux Ubuntu, and its great, but i have a small problem. Every time i start up my laptop, the backlight does not come on automatically. To get it to come on, i have to "blindly" log in to my account, and then press Ctrl + Alt + T, and then type in this command in the terminal - sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00 after i type that in, i have to type in my password. then at last the backlight comes on, and i can see. Is there any way i can get this command to run automatically? i have tried putting the command as a startup application, which did not solve it. Do i need to create a file which i then have to make it run automatically? is there another command i need to use? And will the command be able to run automatically without my password, or do i need to put that into a command as well? If you know how to fix this, please explain fully, as i'm still new to Linux. Thanks for your help.

• Answer:

  You need to add your line to the rc.local startup script: cd /etc #changes directory to /etc where you find rc.local sudo gedit rc.local # elevates you to superuser, opens rc.local using gedit text editor look for the line that says exit 0 then right above it paste your script so it now looks like: sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00 exit 0 save and close rc.local make rc.local executable by typing: sudo chmod +x rc.local and that's it. now when you boot up your computer it will run that line automatically. When you reboot it's a different story, but the source below will explain it for you :) have fun with linux and don't be afraid to explore!