Could Austria-Hungary have survived if not for the First World War?
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Austria-Hungary was not even a state. While many European kingdoms and ethnic groups coalesced into one nation-state like Germany and Italy, Austria-Hungary was only held together by the Hapsburg crown. It was not a formal country but a medley of small kingdoms and ethnicities. Even within this medley many parts would rather separate from the crown and felt little allegiance to it. Russia was encouraging Slavs to break away, the Dual Monarchy was divided over how to govern Austria-Hungary, and uprisings occurred frequently. Once the war ended and Austria-Hungary was on the apparent losing side, the Allied Powers' and Woodrow Wilson's calls for self-determination won out and the different ethnic groups and societies that made up Austria-Hungary became nation-states of their own. Would Austria-Hungary have survived under a Dual Monarchy if not for the war or the peace treaty?
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Answer:
No. The Archduke would still have been assassinated and plunge the entire dual-nation into civil war, and if no other nation was allied with them, they would basically be ignored until the fighting resolved with a victor. Then Wilson would not have introduced his League of Nations idea that would evolve into the United Nations because WWI never happened.
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Other answers
Many misconceptions abound about Austria-Hungary....Its new borders were not set by the Treaty of Versailles. The military loss, at Vittoria Veneto in 1917, proved so disastrous---that most of the empire's nationalities saw this as a chance to break away. Within a matter of days, all that was left of Austria-Hungary was the current state of Austria. Austria signed an armistice after this battle, then a peace treaty in 1920; (not the treaty of Versailles) affirming these new boundaries. Hungary signed a similar treaty, about a year later. But chances are, if the empire was so fragile that one military loss would destroy it; chances are that some similar crisis would have brought it down, around the time of ww1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto
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