What are the relationships between the group configuration and number for the elements in the S, P, and D blocks?

Relationships between group configuration and group number for elements in s, p, d blocks?

• On the Periodic Table, that is......

• Answer:

  ____"Shells" are composed of individual orbitals. The valence shell is the outer most shell and only its s and p orbitals are occupied, which is why the octet rule works. Groups of elements have the "same" spdf filling; well almost always (there are several exceptions - mainly the Fe , Ni, Cu groups where the s and the underling d orbitals are fairly close. See: http://www.touchspin.com/chem/DisplayTable.html As elements need to accommodate more electrons, they fill empty orbitals in inner shells. Inner shells have these orbitals ALWAYS, whether they are occupied or not: 2____1st shell (s) 8____ 2nd shell (s,3p) 18___ 3rd shell (s, 3p, 5d) 32___ 4th shell (s, 3p, 5d, 7f) 32____5th shell (s, 3p, 5d, 7f) (there is no need for further orbitals) 32____6th shell (s, 3p, 5d, 7f) s,p,d,f orbitals are ALL separate; except when "hybridized"!