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Glucose is required for cellular respiration, the process that releases energy within cellular. how would lack

  • Glucose is required for cellular respiration, the process that releases energy within cellular. how would lack of insulin affect this process?

  • Answer:

    Insulin promotes the expression of glucose receptors at the cell surface. This mechanism is indirect; insulin binds to its receptor and promotes glucose transporter expression on the cell surface. No glucose transporter - glucose can't get into the cell (the cell membrane is essentially impermiable to glucose). Note that brain and liver are insensitive to insulin.

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Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms that are often associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Characteristic symptoms are excessive thirst, frequent urination, excessive or voracious eating, slow healing of infections or cuts, disturbances in surface cell healing (epidermal, epithelial cells), and/or unexplained lean mass loss. At the cellular level, the basement membrane of epithelial cells become thicker and thicker throughout the body, yet small proteins pass through the membrane leading to cell death and tissue necrosis.

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