Who is Andhra Pradesh Cheif minister?

What are the reasons of backwardness of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar?

• Since the independence, Utter Pradesh has privilege to rule the country, as Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi and Rajeev Gandhi served the country as Prime Minister for a long time. But they did almost nothing for the development of this region. This is also a fact the regional political leaders never raised the issue of development seriously. State governments also can’t escape from their responsibility. BJP played “Babri Masjid Card and came in power to employed the sentiments of people but they too did nothing even for Faizabad/Ayodhya. People of this region are economically backward and migrating to other states to work as labor. Maharashtra says “ Bhaiya” go out from Maharashtra. What is the future of these states? According to a news article in TOI dated February 19, 2009, five Indian states-Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala-account for almost 69% of the country's engineering graduates, indicating that these states also have most of India's engineering colleges, whereas states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Orissa together account for a measly 14% of India's technological colleges. This is causing worry among educationists about a regional imbalance creeping in. The people of these regions are also responsible for their poverty due to lack of awareness about development.. Wake up… it is not too late to take positive action for the development of your region. Vote for development and not on any other issue.

• Answer:

  Poverty and Underdevelopment in the Hindi Belt One of the conundrums facing modern India is how even though Hindi speakers make up a plurality of the nation's population, it is predominantly the Hindi-speaking states whose social indicators are the most depressing. This is especially puzzling considering their relative proximity to Delhi, the nation's capital, and their often decisive role in determining who gets to rule the country. For Indians concerned about equitable and broad-based progress, this is naturally a matter of concern. However, to date, there has been little consensus on the reasons for this apparent anomaly. While some intellectuals have attributed this relative social backwardeness and underdevelopment to heightened casteism and communalism, others have attributed this state of affairs to the 'cultural backwardness' of India's Hindi-speakers. Some Indian industrialists have complained of a poor work culture and political instability driving off potential investors. Yet, during Mughal rule, the UP plains were home to the highest concentration of specialized pre-industrial manufacturing. Moradabad specialized in brassware, Saharanpur and Nagina in woodwork and furniture, Aligarh in locks and bolts, Firozabad in glassware, Mirzapur in carpet-weaving, Khurja in pottery, Rae Bareilly in textiles, and Agra, Lucknow and Benaras could boast of artisans and craftsmen with extraordinary skills in a very wide range of manufactures. Neither were the lesser-known courtly centers (such as Rampur, Jaunpur, Farrukhabad or Faizabad) wanting in fine artists or well-trained musicians. Although not as much is known about Mughal Bihar, Siwan's pottery was comparable to Khurja's, Patna's weavers were as skilled as any in Agra or Lucknow, and Sasaram's architects were as capable and creative as those of Allahabad. Bettiah and Darbhanga can still boast of posessing some of the country's finest Dhrupad gharanas, and Bihar's Madhubani artists are second to none. Jharkhand and Chhatisgarh's metal-workers continue to produce items of intriguing beauty, and anyone with even a passing familiarity with the arts and crafts of Bundelkhand and neighbouring Chhatarpur (Khajuraho) would know of the region's industriousness, as would those who have had the good fortune to travel through other parts of Madhya Pradesh. Shivpuri's marble and inlay workers were as skilled as those of Agra and Delhi; Dhar's block printers display talents comparable to their Gujarati or Rajasthani counterparts, and the weavers of Chanderi are no less skilled than those of Benaras. Besides, Gwalior, Bhopal and Indore were as culturally developed as any other city in Bengal, Gujarat or South India. And contrary to the view of certain communally-biased historians, the Hindu courts of the Hindi-belt (whether in Rajasthan, Himachal, or in Benaras, Datia or Orchha) were no less cultured , or lacking in highly-skilled and industrious artisans and craftspeople than those of the imperial Mughals. There is also anecdotal and physical evidence that suggests that the industrousness of the Hindi-belt was not just a Mughal phenomenon. Arab commentators have left glowing accounts of the wealth and the quality of the crafts of the Sultanates of Northern India, and in his memoir's Babar reluctantly acknowledges the wide range of specialized skills available amongst the workers of Northern India that he had subjugated. Surviving pottery and other artifacts would appear to bolster the conclusion that the fineness of Indian manufactures could not be simply attributed to Mughal intervention. Neither would it be fair to ascribe the post-Islamic virtuosity of Indian manufactures just to imitation of Persian imports or Persian training. At the very least, the few surviving pre-Islamic monuments of the Gangetic plains points to a prolific sculptural output. In Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh, an enormous number of early and late medieval temple sites have survived more or or less intact - alluding to a widely dispersed tradition of monumental architecture, thus indirectly attesting to North Indian industriousness. Since the North Indian plains were at the front lines of the Islamic invasions, there are too few surviving monuments and artifacts to truly assess the productivity of pre-Islamic India; however, the virtuosity of North Indian sculptors can be gleaned from the numerous sculptural finds from the Hindi-speaking states. It may be worth underlining that several surviving sculptures from Bihar match or excel those found in Bengal - whether from the Pala period, or the earlier Gupta period, or the still earlier Mauryan period. Similarly, if one were to compare sculptural finds from Sarnath, Mahoba, Gwalior, Vidisha or Jabalpur with those from a comparable period in South India - one would be hard-pressed to argue that the sculptors of Northern India were any less refined or sophisticated than their Southern counter